露天煤矿排土场的复垦研究

露天煤矿的开采对矿区生态环境造成了严重破坏,特别是大量剥离物形成的排土场,占用了大量的土地资源。生态恢复作为一项有效的采矿废弃地治理措施,随着采矿业的发展成为这一领域研究的重点。露天煤矿排土场的复垦对于改善矿区生态环境意义重大。本文介绍了露天矿排土场对环境的影响和排土场复垦治理技术,研究了某露天煤矿排土场的复垦现状、复垦方式与效果,提出了矿区排土场生态恢复的建议。     

石门雄磺矿周边地下水质量现状及污染评价

本文以石门雄磺矿周边5个地下水监测点监测资料为基础,对矿区周边地下水水质进行分析评价。结果表明,矿区周边所有地下水监测项目均在标准值范围内,水质较好;影响其水质的主要因素为有机污染,其次是重金属。针对矿区周边地下水污染现状．提出了防治对策。     

某铀矿井氡析出量与排氡通风量的估算

在铀矿井中,氡及其子体对工作人员的危害极大,而通风降氡可为井下工作人员创造一个良好的工作环境,确保井下工人的安全和健康.本文根据某铀矿采场中氡的来源,分别探讨了矿体和围岩暴露表面、爆落矿石和地下水的氡析出量的具体估算方法,并估算出排氡及其子体所需风量,取通风量较大者为采场需风量,通过所得采场需风量计算出采场中氡浓度及其...     

矿业废弃物酸化及治理技术研究进展

矿业废弃物酸化是矿山环境污染的主要问题之一。酸化污染具有广泛性、严重性和长期性特点,世界各国都高度重视对固体酸化废弃物治理的研究。本文综述了矿业废弃物的酸化过程、控制机理、治理措施及研究进展。目前国内外发展的矿业废弃物酸化治理措施主要包括物理隔离技术、化学中和技术、植物稳定技术和微生物治理技术等。其中物理隔离技术费用较...     

铜矿尾矿库无土修复植物营养元素含量特征

分析了安徽铜陵冬瓜山铜矿杨山冲尾矿库10种无土修复植物中10种营养元素含量特征。结果表明：平均含量大于1000μg·g^-1的元素有7个,含量从太到小顺序为Ca〉N〉S〉K〉Fe〉Mg〉P;平均含量为100μg·g^-1～1000μg·g^-1。的元素有3个,含量从大到小的顺序为Na〉Si〉Mn。营养元素含量的变异系数...     

浅谈城市排水体制的选择及建设

城市排水系统是城市重要的基础设施,是污水收集和集中处理的关键,是污水处理保护水资源和改善环境的必要手段。而排水体制的选择需要结合当地的城镇及工业企业的规划、环境保护的要求、污水利用情况、原有排水设施、水质、水量、地形、气候和水体等条件综合考虑。     

微震实时监测系统在金山店铁矿中的应用

本文介绍金山店铁矿微震实时监测系统的构成;并通过运用一种全新的虚拟仪器软件LabVIEW编程分析处理现场所采集的监测数据,确定井下地震事件的时间与空间分布.     

酸缓冲容量对污泥屏障重金属再溶出控制研究

借助污泥中的厌氧微生物活动,污泥屏障可用来固定尾矿堆场的重金属.针对尾矿风化淋滤形成的酸性采矿废水(acidmine drainage,AMD)与污泥屏障相互作用,可能会引起已固定重金属再次溶出问题,通过酸滴定实验,研究了不同厌氧培养时间的污泥悬液的酸缓冲容量及其对重金属再溶出的影响.结果表明,污泥悬液酸缓冲容量与悬液固液比成正比,并随着厌氧还原程度的加深而增加.碳酸盐缓冲体系和有机质缓冲体系对污泥悬液酸缓冲有重要意义.酸滴定实验发现,随着pH降至6.2以下,重金属Zn、Pb和Cu开始快速溶解释放,且释放量符合ZnCuPb.基于实验结果,建立了污泥屏障在AMD渗透条件下酸缓冲容量消耗的数学模型.模拟计算结果表明,对于厚度2.0 m的污泥屏障,即使在10.0 m水头的AMD渗透酸化条件下,有效酸缓冲容量经历666 a之后才能被耗尽,在此时间内污泥屏障具备对重金属的生物化学固定能力.     

Hydrogeochemical and mineralogical characteristics related to heavy metal attenuation in a stream polluted by acid mine drainage: A case study in Dabaoshan Mine, China

Dabaoshan Mine, the largest mine in south China, has been developed since the 1970s. Acid mine drainage (AMD) discharged from the mine has caused severe environmental pollution and human health problems. In this article, chemical characteristics, mineralogy of ocher precipitations and heavy metal attenuation in the AMD are discussed based on physicochemical analysis, mineral analysis, sequential extraction experiments and hydrogeochemistry. The AMD chemical characteristics were determined from the initial water composition, water-rock interactions and dissolved sulfide minerals in the mine tailings. The waters, affected and unaffected by AMD, were Ca-SO₄ and Ca-HCO₃ types, respectively. The affected water had a low pH, high SO₄^2- and high heavy metal content and oxidation as determined by the Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ couple. Heavy metal and SO₄^2- contents of Hengshi River water decreased, while pH increased, downstream. Schwertmannite was the major mineral at the waste dump, while goethite and quartz were dominant at the tailings dam and streambed. Schwertmannite was transformed into goethite at the tailings dam and streambed. The sulfate ions of the secondary minerals changed from bidentate- to monodentate-complexes downstream. Fe-Mn oxide phases of Zn, Cd and Pb in sediments increased downstream. However, organic matter complexes of Cu in sediments increased further away from the tailings. Fe³⁺ mineral precipitates and transformations controlled the AMD water chemistry.     

Changes in the sorption, desorption, distribution, and availability of copper, induced by application of sewage sludge on Chilean soils contaminated by mine tailings

The effect of mine tailings and sewage sludge was evaluated on sorption, desorption, availability and distribution of copper in two soils, one high (sandy soil) and one low in copper (clay soil). In both soils contaminated by mine tailings the copper sorption capacity and the affinity of the substrate for the metal decreased substantially compared to the uncontaminated soils, however, the sorption remained always high in the clay soil substrates. In the substrates with sandy soil, the high Cu content and lower clay content were determining factors in the lower magnitude of the sorption. Similarly, metal desorption was closely related to these two parameters, and it was higher in clay soil with lower pH. In general, the application of sewage sludge favored the sorption of Cu in soils contaminated and uncontaminated with mine tailings, and in all cases desorption decreased, an effect that remained for at least 30 days. Simple extraction of Cu with CaCl2 and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid gave contradictory results, so a careful choice of the procedure is required, depending on the level of metal in the soil and on the acting principle of the extracting agent. In that relation, more complete information on the changes in the metal forms was obtained by application of the sequential extraction procedure proposed by the European Community Bureau of Reference.