Experimental study on water sealing of fire barriers and explosion venting of large-scale pipeline with low-concentration gas

Low-concentration gas transported in pipelines may lead to explosion accidents because gas with a concentration of less than 30% is prone to explode. To reduce the incidence of gas explosions, water sealing of fire barriers is implemented, and explosion venting devices are installed along the pipeline. To investigate their suppression effect on low-concentration gas explosion, experiments using methane–air premixed gas under different conditions were implemented on a DN500 pipeline test system. The effects of three types of explosion venting forms (rupture disc, asbestos board, and plastic film) on explosion overpressure and flame were compared and analysed. Results show that the rupture disc, asbestos board, and plastic film can achieve adequate explosion venting, causing the peak decay rates of explosion overpressure to reach 82.37%, 81.72%, and 90.79%, respectively. The foregoing indicates that the greater the static activation pressure of the explosion venting form, the higher the peak explosion overpressure at each measurement point. Moreover, the shorter the explosion flame duration, the greater the flame propagation velocity. The research results provide an essential theoretical foundation for the effective suppression of gas explosion accidents in the process of low-concentration gas transportation.     

铜矿尾矿资源调查评价方法及其应用

开展尾矿资源调查评价具有重要的现实意义。借助入选矿石量及精矿与尾矿产出量之间的关系,确定了尾矿资源调查方法,并测算得全国铜矿尾矿资源总量大致为15×10⁸ t,铜平均品位约为0.077%;同时,基于盈亏平衡的思想,构建了尾矿资源经济评价模型,并且测算确定,在铜价不低于35 000元/t的条件下,回收单一铜元素的经济品位为0.07%。资源结构决定其利用模式。根据调查评价结果判断,未来我国铜矿尾矿资源利用的主要模式是尾矿回选及尾矿用于采矿充填或用作建筑材料两个方面。根据尾矿资源利用模式,要进一步推动尾矿资源开发利用,不仅需要及时发布尾矿资源数据信息,而且更需要落实相关激励政策,努力消除尾矿资源开发利用的限制性因素。     

煤矿乏风低浓度甲烷催化氧化数值模拟

应用计算流体力学软件FLUENT,通过导入CHEMKIN格式详细化学反应机理对煤矿乏风低浓度甲烷气体在壁面涂有Pt催化剂的蜂窝陶瓷通道表面的催化氧化过程进行数值研究,计算分析了有、无催化剂情况下乏风低浓度甲烷在通道内的反应情况,同时进一步分析了乏风甲烷浓度、入口进气速度、通道壁面温度及通道直径对甲烷氧化率的影响。结果表明:在蜂窝陶瓷通道内壁负载Pt金属催化剂不仅可以降低乏风中低浓度甲烷氧化所需的温度,而且可以大大提高甲烷的氧化率;甲烷氧化率随着乏风甲烷浓度和通道壁面温度的升高而增大,随着入口进气速度和通道直径的增大而下降。     

基于耦合协调度的煤矿安全应急管理评价

针对煤矿安全应急管理主动性和协调性缺乏易导致矿难事故发生的问题,提出基 于网络层次分析法（ANP）与序参量法的安全应急管理耦合协调度评价模型。通过归纳 煤矿安全应急管理进程中的耦合协调度,构建包括5个子系统、11个序参量以及33个二 级指标的煤矿安全应急管理耦合协调度评价指标体系。借助超级决策软件确定各指标权 重,然后采用序参量法对煤矿安全应急管理的预防、准备、响应和恢复4个环节进行协 调度测算。结果表明:示例煤矿安全应急管理的准备与响应两环节的各子系统协调度最 高,系统整体协调度较低。     

自进式旋转钻头钻孔修复理论及关键参数研究

瓦斯预抽钻孔在抽放过程中经常出现塌孔、堵孔等现象。针对这一问题,提出采用自进式旋转钻头修复失效钻孔的新方法。其利用自进式旋转钻头后置喷嘴的喷射反冲力作为动力,自行至钻孔堵塞段处,前置喷嘴形成的高压水射流对堵孔煤渣进行破碎,将其与水混合返出孔外,实现清孔排渣、钻孔修复的目的。对自进式旋转钻头钻孔破煤清渣的临界射流压力及流量进行分析,基于摩擦动力学计算钻头自驱的临界射流压力,在此基础上设计钻头结构及优化喷嘴布置,数值分析不同喷嘴组合情况下射流速度分布,得出最优喷嘴布置方式。并应用于鹤煤八矿-655轨道石门揭煤瓦斯预抽,实验结果表明:该方法能够实现失效钻孔的修复,并有效的提高了瓦斯抽采效果,缩短了瓦斯抽放时间。     

基于粗糙集Skowron差别矩阵的矿井火灾风险评价指标约简

在安全评价过程中,当构建的指标体系过于庞大,数据繁琐,不利于进行安全评价工作。为了对矿井火灾风险评价指标体系进行快速简化,基于粗糙集理论属性约简功能,采用理论与实例分析相结合的方法,利用Skowron差别矩阵算法对矿井火灾风险评价决策表进行属性约简。研究表明:通过约简,矿井火灾风险评价指标由原来的16个缩减为6个,大大减少了后续评价过程中权重确定的计算量,降低了评价的复杂程度,减少了评估工作量。同时约简结果也为矿井火灾防治工作提供了一些指导意见,体现了差别矩阵在决策表的属性约简中的高效性。     

Leaching of copper,chromium and arsenic in a soil of south west Victoria,Australia

The movement of copper, chromium and arsenic originating from samples of the wood preservative Tanalith® through mildly acidic, sandy loam soil was investigated. Small, undisturbed soil cores (of dimensions 15 × 15 × 15 cm) were removed from the topsoil of a paddock adjacent to the Glenelg River in the Western District of Victoria, Australia. The paddock soils were thin (<30cm) greyish brown, mildly acidic, sandy loams with a moderate organic carbon content (2–5%) overlying a limestone cap. Tanalith® was applied to the surface of the cores which were then irrigated with deionised water at approximately 30 mm day^‐1. Copper concentrations in all leachate remained at background levels throughout the experiment, and this element was found to be immobilised in the top 4 cm of the soil. Up to 29% of the applied dose of chromium was detected in the leachate, with breakthrough occurring within 20 days of Tanalith® application. Up to 13% ofthe applied dose ofarsenic was detected in the leachate, although in this case breakthrough was not observed until 25 days after Tanalith® application and leachate concentrations were still rising when the experiment came to a close. Significant concentrations of arsenic and chromium were found in the top 6 cm of the soil profile.     

煤岩地层绳索取芯装备研发及应用实践

煤矿井下取芯是准确判定煤层瓦斯、煤层和地层赋存情况的主要方法之一。受井下作业空间的限制以及待取煤（岩）层特征的影响,尤其是煤（岩）体破碎时,实现取芯往往很难。介绍一种煤矿井下绳索取芯技术,通过改进井下钻机及钻具,实现了煤矿井下高效取芯。井下绳索取芯岩芯采取率高,工人劳动强度低,其技术具有推广应该价值。     

瓦斯异常区域高位裂隙抽放技术探析

城郊煤矿为瓦斯矿井,但2703工作面属于瓦斯异常区域。在工作面回采期间,瓦斯涌出量不断增加,工作面瓦斯易超限,严重制约了工作面的正常回采工作。为了达到降低工作面瓦斯浓度,解决工作面瓦斯超限,实现工作面的安全、高效回采工作,采取了高位裂隙瓦斯抽放钻孔对煤岩层卸压带瓦斯进行抽放,取得了良好的效果。     

高抽巷层位对采空区自燃危险性影响的数值模拟分析

针对高抽巷抽采瓦斯可能诱发的采空区自燃问题,以大佛寺煤矿40108工作面构建采空区气体渗流模型,分析了不同垂距和平距下高抽巷抽采瓦斯时对采空区自燃危险性的影响。结果表明:高抽巷与煤层顶板的垂距越大,氧化升温带的宽度越大,采空区自燃危险性越高。高抽巷距回风巷平距为30m时,氧化升温带的宽度最小,采空区自燃危险性最低。依据研究结论,结合高抽巷抽采瓦斯时的层位要求,分析得出大佛寺煤矿40108工作面高抽巷最佳位置为距煤层顶板垂距30m,距回风巷平距30m处。