资源整合矿区水害探测及防治技术可行性研究

为了研究资源整合后矿区水害探测及防治技术,从山西省矿区设置问题入手,借鉴国内外同类研究进展情况,提出了本文研究对象—一个具有相对独立补给、径流、排泄条件的水文地质单元内所有矿区,提出了六项需要解决的关键技术问题即:引进煤层底板突水预测预报的新方法 -"脆弱性指数法";建立底板突水评价的脆弱性指数模型;煤层顶板突水灾害预测预报的新方法—三图双预测法;采掘前方断层小构造预测预报技术方法;矿井涌(突)水水源快速判别及预测预报;整合后矿区采空区探测问题,并针对以上问题论证了其可行性,提出新的研究思路和新的技术方法。     

矿井瓦斯防爆监测氧含量线性标定

矿井火灾是采矿业面临的安全生产问题之一。该文研究的目的是评估新的矿井瓦斯防爆监测中最重要的成分氧气的检测策略,在矿井火灾中做出预见与预报。对于密封区域,发生瓦斯爆炸危险安全区时氧气浓度小于8%,按照国家标准,本矿要求氧气检测精度达到1%。氧含量监测系统受到气体气路、传感器运行、信号调理与处理情况和终端处理系统等四个方面的影响。该文通过运用计算机控制技术分别对氧含量监测系统进行硬件线性开环标定与软件线性闭环标定,并采用著名的OriginPRO数据分析软件对系统采样数据进行了分析与解读,以达到对软件线性闭环标定进行程控规划和信息实时纠正,使系统氧气含量监测灵敏限小于0.36%。     

川煤达竹公司本质安全型煤矿建设探讨

本质安全型矿井的建设是促进煤矿安全生产的有效措施。川煤集团达竹公司致力于本质安全型煤矿企业的建设,取得了一定的经验和成绩。介绍了川煤集团在本质安全型矿井建设的过程和实践中,立足企业实际,推行本质安全理念,创新安全管理模式;利用信息化手段,构建安全管理平台;通过"班组"管理,夯实基层安全管理;提升企业安全文化,确保企业科学可持续发展。从理念、技术、管理和文化四个方面,加强本质安全型矿井的建设,形成了具有特色的本质安全发展思路。     

基于可拓层次分析法的铁矿危险性评价研究

我国铁矿伤亡事故后果比较严重,重特大事故时有发生。基于可拓层次分析法(EAHP),结合可拓工程方法,在物元模型理论的基础上建立了铁矿危险性评价的物元模型,聘请5位专家对铁矿危险性的评价指标体系的10项指标进行评价,利用层次分析法确定各评价指标的权重,并对大红山铁矿的危险性进行评价,得出危险性等级为危险性较小、安全性较好,也说明了该铁矿需要进一步采取安全措施,加强安全管理,提高其安全程度,从而避免事故的发生,该方法为铁矿危险性评价提供了一条新的方法和手段。     

草原煤矸石堆放的生态环境问题及其治理措施综述

综述了内蒙古自治区煤矸石排放对草原生态系统造成的危害,比较了物理、化学和生物学方法对治理煤矸石的优缺点,重点分析了丛枝菌根真菌技术在煤矸石山生态重建中的应用及其意义,并提出了当前研究工作中存在的问题及以后的研究重点。     

反应条件对矿用充填发泡树脂活性的影响研究

采用二价金属A作为催化剂,合成矿用发泡树脂。通过测定树脂的固含量、黏度、凝胶时间、羟甲基指数等,研究反应温度、时间和催化剂用量对矿用发泡树脂活性的影响。试验结果表明:随着反应时间的延长、温度的升高、催化剂用量的增加,树脂的黏度和固含量逐渐增加,而树脂中残余B、残余C和凝胶时间逐渐减少。在较高温度下,羟甲基指数随着反应时间的延长先增加后减少;在较低温度下,羟甲基指数随着反应时间的延长先减少后增加;较大的催化剂用量有利于树脂缩合反应,较低的用量有利于促进B与C的羟基化反应。     

排水沟渠炉渣与底泥对水中氮、磷截留效应

通过等温热力学吸附实验,将炉渣、炉渣+30%底泥、排水沟渠底泥对水中氨氮的去除效果进行比较,并采用Langmuir等温吸附方程对3种基质吸附氨氮、磷酸盐的量进行拟合;通过动力学实验,比较3种基质吸附速率.结果表明,炉渣、炉渣+30%底泥、排水沟渠底泥对氨氮的最大吸附量分别为0.49,1.03,1.75mg/g,对磷酸盐的最大吸附量分别为0.99,2.33,1.88mg/g;4h内基质吸附氨氮速率分别为:0.10,0.11,0.54mg/(g·h),2h内基质吸附磷酸盐速率分别为:0.048,0.051,0.096mg/(g·h).由于沟渠底泥较为松散、遇水冲刷易流失,故选择炉渣作为沟渠基质坝的填充物.基质坝能够减缓渠水流速,延长渠水的水力停留时间(HRT).     

Fabrication of supported acid catalytic composite fibers by a simple and low-cost method and their application on the synthesis of liquid biofuel 5-ethoxymethylfurfural

In this paper, sulfonic groups functionalized annealed bio-based carbon microspheres loaded polytetrafluoroethylene (A-BCMSs-SO3H@PTFE) fibers with high activity, high stability, and easy regeneration were successfully fabricated by a simple method using low-cost raw materials. The characterization results showed that the annealed biomass carbon microspheres derived from waste Camellia oleifera shells were evenly distributed on the polytetrafluoroethylene fibers and the sulfonic groups can be successfully loaded on the surface of annealed biomass carbon microspheres by room temperature sulfonation. Subsequently, the as-prepared A-BCMSs-SO3H@PTFE fibers were applied to the acid-catalyzed synthesis of liquid biofuel 5-ethoxymethylfurfural. The catalytic experiment results indicated that the annealing temperature and time during catalyst preparation have a significant effect on the activity and selectivity of A-BCMSs-SO3H@PTFE fibers. The results of catalytic reaction kinetics showed that the yield of 5-ethoxymethylfurfural can reach more than 60％after 72 h of acid-catalyzed reaction. The stability test showed that the as-prepared A-BCMSs-SO3H@PTFE fibers still maintained a stable acid catalytic activity after four recycles.     

天然文岩渠流域土壤水分渗漏和氮素淋失模拟

应用DNDC模型（denitrification-decomposition model）对黄淮海平原的典型平原小流域——天然文岩渠流域的土壤水分渗漏和氮素淋失状况进行了模拟.水氮控制田间试验的验证结果表明,模型对1 m土体日储水量、下界面硝态氮浓度、土壤水日渗漏量和氮素日淋失量的模拟均较理想,模拟值与实测值的相关系数分别达到了0.94（n=40）、 0.66（n=49）、 0.89（n=40）和0.94（n=39）,均方根误差则分别为15.66 mm、 2.66 mg·kg^-1、 9.00 mm和0.94 kg·hm^-2.模型在流域范围的模拟结果表明,冬小麦-夏玉米轮作农田在多年平均气象条件和常用水肥管理模式下,土壤的水分年渗漏量在220～327 mm之间,氮素年淋失量在73.1～100.6 kg·hm^-2之间.水氮淋失的空间和时间分布不均,淋失最严重的区域为固定细风沙土、砂土分布区,淋失时间主要集中于施肥、灌溉或强降雨之后.灌溉措施不当,施肥盲目以及土壤自身保水保肥能力差,是导致土壤水肥流失的主要原因.     

Experimental study on water sealing of fire barriers and explosion venting of large-scale pipeline with low-concentration gas

Low-concentration gas transported in pipelines may lead to explosion accidents because gas with a concentration of less than 30% is prone to explode. To reduce the incidence of gas explosions, water sealing of fire barriers is implemented, and explosion venting devices are installed along the pipeline. To investigate their suppression effect on low-concentration gas explosion, experiments using methane–air premixed gas under different conditions were implemented on a DN500 pipeline test system. The effects of three types of explosion venting forms (rupture disc, asbestos board, and plastic film) on explosion overpressure and flame were compared and analysed. Results show that the rupture disc, asbestos board, and plastic film can achieve adequate explosion venting, causing the peak decay rates of explosion overpressure to reach 82.37%, 81.72%, and 90.79%, respectively. The foregoing indicates that the greater the static activation pressure of the explosion venting form, the higher the peak explosion overpressure at each measurement point. Moreover, the shorter the explosion flame duration, the greater the flame propagation velocity. The research results provide an essential theoretical foundation for the effective suppression of gas explosion accidents in the process of low-concentration gas transportation.