Diel Cycling of Zinc in a Stream Impacted by Acid Rock Drainage: Initial Results from a New in situ Zn Analyzer

Recent work has demonstrated that many trace metals undergo dramatic diel (24-h) cycles in near neutral pH streams with metal concentrations reproducibly changing up to 500% during the diel period (Nimick et al., 2003). To examine diel zinc cycles in streams affected by acid rock drainage, we have developed a novel instrument, the Zn-DigiScan, to continuously monitor in situ zinc concentrations in near real-time. Initial results from a 3-day deployment at Fisher Creek, Montana have demonstrated the ability of the Zn-DigiScan to record diel Zn cycling at levels below 100 μg/l. Longer deployments of this instrument could be used to examine the effects of episodic events such as rainstorms and snowmelt pulses on zinc loading in streams affected by acid rock drainage.     

Evaluating Controlling Factors to Ali/(Ca + Mg) Molar Ratio in Acidic Soil Water, Southern and Southwestern China: Multivariate Approach

Al_i/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio in soil water has been used as an indicator to the effects of acid deposition on terrestrial ecosystems. However, the main factors controlling this ratio have not been well documented in southern and southwestern China. In this study, we presented the variation in inorganic aluminum (Al_i) and Al_i/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio in different sites and soil horizons based on two to three years monitoring data, and evaluated the main factors controlling Al_i/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio using principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least square (PLS) regression. Monitoring data showed although Al_i/(Ca + Mg) molar ratios in most soil water were lower than assumed critical 1.0, higher molar ratios were found in some soil water at TSP and LXH site. Besides acid loading, both soil properties and soil water chemistry affected the value of Al_i/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio in soil water. Partial least square (PLS) indicated that they had different relative importance in different soil horizons. In A-horizon, soil aluminum saturation (AlS) had higher influence on Al_i/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio than soil water chemistry did; higher soil aluminum saturation (AlS) led to higher Al_i/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio in soil water. In the deeper horizons (i.e., B₁-, B₂- and BC-horizon), inorganic aluminum (Al_i) in soil water had more and more important role in regulating Al_i/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio. On regional scale, soil aluminum saturation (AlS) as well as cation exchange capacity (CEC) was the dominant factor controlling Al_i/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio. This should be paid enough attention on when making regional acid rain control policy in China.     

苏州市十年酸雨变化趋势分析研究

根据对酸雨现状及十年变化趋势分析,苏州市十年间酸雨污染程度总体呈上升趋势,在全省亦处于前列。环境空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮是造成酸雨的主要污染因子。从气象条件、能源消耗、污染源排放、产业结构等影响因素对酸雨污染变化原因及其与经济发展间的关系进行系统分析得出,苏州市酸雨污染总体形势不容乐观。     

烟尘烟气连续自动监测系统技术现状和发展趋势

主要对二氧化硫、氮氧化物、颗粒物CEMS及其烟气参数的仪器技术现状进行了综述,在此基础上对CEMS的数据处理和技术标准进行了相关评述。针对现有的技术标准和仪器技术现状,指出了目前我国CEMS技术在发展过程中所存在的一些问题和解决思路。     

临安大气本底站酸雨污染变化特征与影响因素分析

利用临安大气本底站酸雨观测数据,研究临安大气本底站降水pH,酸雨发生频率的时间分布特征、变化趋势及其影响因素;借助后向轨迹分析法分析输送形势对临安大气本底站酸雨的影响。研究表明:最近6年间临安大气本底站降水pH各月均值均小于4.5,均达到强酸雨的程度;临安大气本底站的酸雨发生频率表现为夏季低、秋季高;1985—2009年临安大气本底站降水的年均pH全部达到酸雨程度。根据Daniel趋势检验,临安大气本底站年均降水pH总体上呈逐年下降的趋势。风速越小,酸雨出现频率就越高;降水pH受降水量的影响较大。临安大气本底站的酸雨与降水前的大气中SO2浓度存在负相关的关系。根据气团的来向与酸雨污染程度的关系分析,临安大气本底站的酸雨污染受到其北部地区和浙西地区的酸雨气体物输送的影响较大。临安大气本底站的酸雨污染特征已由原来的硫酸型转为硫酸型与硝酸型并重。     

浅谈地表水重金属污染监测现状及对策

介绍了重金属污染的现状及危害,并分析了国内外重金属监测现状.阐述当前地表水重金属监测的主要方法和原理,指出地表水重金属监测工作存在的主要问题,并对重金属监测工作提出了对策和建议.     

提高法律地位 强化征收力度 ——谈排污费费改税的必要性

阐述了我国排污收费制度的现状和发展趋势,针对当前排污费征收工作中遇到的问题,提出了排污费费改税的必要性。指出,在我国实行排污费费改税的条件已经具备,应当把排污收费制度的改革提高到作为我国社会经济可持续发展长期战略的一个组成部分的高度来认识和考虑。     

2-(2-喹啉偶氮)-4-二乙氨基苯甲酸光度法测定镍的研究

合成了新试剂 2 -( 2 -喹啉偶氮 ) -4 -二乙氨基苯甲酸 ( QADEABA) ,并研究了其与镍的显色反应 ,在 p H=8.0的硼酸 -磷酸二氢钾缓冲介质中 ,吐温 -80存在下 ,QADEABA与镍反应生成 2∶ 1稳定络合物 ,λmax=5 90 nm ,ε=1 .1 8× 1 0 5L· mol-1· cm-1。镍含量在 0～ 0 .4 mg/ L内符合比耳定律 ,方法用于水样中镍含量的测定 ,结果令人满意     

日本山形降雨中离子成分的研究

分时段对每次降雨连续采样,对pH值、电导率、硫酸根离子、硝酸根离子、氯离子、铵、氟离子、钾离子、钠离子、钙离子、锾离子等共11项进行监测.分析了各种离子的组成、所占比例、时段变化规律和对部分离子的来源进行了探讨.分析结果表明.山形的降雨为硝酸型酸雨,有别于我国大多教城市的硫酸型酸雨类型.     

基于气流轨迹聚类分析方法浅析桂林市酸雨来源

通过对桂林市2009—2013年的酸雨状况及变化趋势分析,结果表明:桂林市酸雨强度及频率从2010年出现峰值后,呈现逐渐下降的趋势;酸雨的季节分布差异明显,冬、春季酸雨频率较高,夏季相对较低;酸雨中的阴离子主要为SO2-4和NO-3,阳离子主要为Ca2+和NH+4。利用后向轨迹和聚类分析方法对桂林市酸雨来源进行气流轨迹模拟分析,结果显示,主要作用气流来自南方地区,其中东南和偏东南方向气流形成的降雨酸性较强,酸雨频率较高。