高架复合道路噪声声场分布研究

高架复合道路有效地缓解了交通拥挤的问题，但随之也带来了严重的噪声污染，以几何声学和衍射声学为理论基础，利用声级叠加原理，建立了高架复合道路噪声对临街建筑立面影响的预测模式。预测值与实测值基本相符，可直接应用于城市噪声预测。为城市发展规划尤其是城市高架复合道路的发展提供了科学依据。     

农业区氨氮流失模型

定量分析了农田降水、产流,下渗,排水,蒸散发,灌溉之间的关系并提出相应的数学方程式,采用Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ等温线动态描述土壤中氨氮吸附与两相平衡状态,在此基础上,建立了一个模拟随农业排水和产沙的充失数学模型,并以江苏省锡澄农业区为例说明了这一模型的应用。     

Towards an inherently safer bioprocessing industry: A review

The bioprocessing industry is regarded as one of the fastest growing sectors with an estimated compound annual growth rate of 8.6%. The global market for biopharmaceuticals is projected to rise to a market value of USD 727.1 billion by 2025. Due to the unique nature of bioprocessing industries wherein micro-organisms are employed to manufacture the desired products, these processes are prone to additional hazards such as biological hazards and dust explosion amongst others. This necessitates the need to review the existing research in the fields of biotechnology and bioprocessing to reduce/eliminate these hazards and pave the path towards a safer bioprocessing industry. The study involves developing a framework comprising of studying the recent technologies that reduce/eliminate these hazards involved in the bioprocessing industries that include dust explosions, loss of containment of toxic chemicals, loss of containment of biohazard/active product ingredient, fire, and explosion and mapping these technologies with respect to inherent safety principles that include substitution, minimization, moderation and simplification with an overall objective of minimizing the risk associated with bioprocesses and moving towards an inherently safer bioprocessing industry.     

Remedies for loss and damage caused by climate change from the dimension of climate justice

Adverse consequences to the ecological system and human health caused by impacts potentially attributable to climate change have already drawn great and widespread concern of many scientists and international organizations. However, we still have a hard time determining exactly the impact of climate change on the environment or the damage that climate change inflicts on countries comprising small islands or low-lying lands in light of today’s science and technology. The progress for dealing with the issue of loss and damage has been struggling for a long time from the beginning to the present. In this paper, the author begins by summarizing talks on the concept and the positions of commentators. The author is proposing that the development of future climate negotiations and rule-making process be based on global climate justice as a standard for measuring value. Also, the author proposes that a holistic view of climate justice be established. Generally, three aspects of climate justice can be derived. First, the dimension of human rights protection shows that protection of fundamental human rights is a logical precondition if small-island and low-lying countries are able to achieve climate justice. Second, the definite and traditional concepts of distributive justice and corrective justice hold the view that the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities should be upheld as a basic standard of allocating rights and duties associated with climate change. Third, climate justice requires that any state follow the “no-harm principle,” which is regarded as an international customary rule. According to the principle, the obligation of states to prevent the use of their territory for causing trans-boundary harm to the environment shall be a violation of state responsibility, which incurs international punishment. Then we put forward three remedial approaches in light of climate justice, including the approach of State Responsibility (SR) based on the principles and rules of international human rights law and international environmental law. Based on clear rules, the judge can determine whether the damaging behavior or the damage perpetrated by a state party constitutes a state responsibility. The International Environmental Regulation (IEB), which means solving the problems within the framework established by the Conventions on Climate Change, takes advantage of the market mechanisms and incentives such as fund and insurance support system to relieve or compensate the loss and damage. International Environmental Dispute Settlement Mechanism (IEDSM), which includes the means such as consultations, negotiations, nonmandatory ways and international arbitration, international judicial ways to solve these disputes, functions as a procedural safeguard. As an active promoter of global climate governance, China should no doubt stand by the principle of Common But Differentiated Responsibility (CBDR) and take it as a basis for negotiations, actively strengthen the work of South-South cooperation, fulfill her international climate commitments without reservation, vigorously develop a low-carbon economy, and actively promote international negotiations on the subject of loss and damage.     

水土保持生态补偿定量计算探究 ——以潘家口库区东北沟流域为例

水土保持生态补偿对于我国的水土流失治理意义重大,水土保持补偿标准的确定是建立生态补偿机制的核心问题。基于潘家口水库上游东北沟流域1990年和2009年土地利用数据和气候、 土壤、 植被、 DEM及农户调查等数据,应用通用土壤侵蚀方程模型(RUSLE)计算该流域采取预防水土流失措施后的土壤侵蚀减少量,在此基础上采用环境经济学的方法核算水土保持生态功能的提供方和受益方两个主体的成本和收益,并构建了水土保持生态补偿标准计算模型,实现了水土保持生态补偿标准定量计算。结果显示:流域生态系统的年土壤保持量为6.49×10⁴ t·a^-1;水土保持服务提供方损失为24.48×10⁴元,所得收益来自减少土地损失和肥力损失的价值共计44.21×10⁴元;水土保持服务受益方主要指下游潘家口水库所得收益来自减少泥沙淤积和减少富营养化共计84.88×10⁴元;流域所得的补偿介于24.48×10⁴元(222.55元/人)到46.90×10⁴元(426.36元/人)之间。     

声屏障系统设计探讨

对声屏障设计,尤其是封闭式声屏障的设计作了分析与探讨,系统地分析了声屏障设计过程中需要考虑的问题,以及跨专业的综合应用,将封闭式声屏障的系统化设计进行了总结。该总结分析对道路声屏障设计,尤其是对城市内封闭式声屏障的设计具有较大的参考与借鉴意义。     

在役压力容器的动态检测技术与研究进展

根据笔者多年声发射检测与评价技术的研究成果并综合分析不同发展阶段的有关文献,论述了压力容器结构完整性检测与综合评估的意义,分析其合理性和难度,并对这种动态检测技术在评价压力容器结构完整性方面的研究进展作了较全面的评述     

Methodology for case studies of accidental gas explosions

This paper discusses a procedure for case studies of accidental gas explosions. The procedure for each case study can be subdivided into four steps, i.e., collection of proofs, analyses, confirmation, and inference about the processes of the accident, and the issues in each step are pointed out. Making a guess on the sequence of the accident to be investigated should be avoided during collection of proofs. Misunderstanding of the phenomena in analyses and confirmation is likely caused by inappropriate knowledge on the phenomena and/or use of unsuitable models. The sequence of the accidental gas explosion should be inferred on the basis of confirmed processes. If there are other possibilities, those should be described in the report. The reasonableness of the results of a case study depends on the rationality of the procedure and the quality or plausibility of knowledge to infer the probable sequence.     

Cranial pneumatization and auditory perceptions of the oviraptorid dinosaur <Emphasis Type="Italic">Conchoraptor gracilis</Emphasis> (Theropoda,Maniraptora) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia

The distribution of air-filled structures in the craniofacial and neurocranial bones of the oviraptorid ZPAL MgD-I/95, discovered at the Hermiin Tsav locality, Mongolia, is restored. Based on the complete obliteration of most of the cranial sutures, the specimen is identified as an adult individual of Conchoraptor gracilis Barsbold 1986. Except for the orbitosphenoids and epipterygoids, the preserved bones of the neurocranium are hollow. Three types of tympanic recess are present in Conchoraptor, a characteristic shared with troodontids, dromaeosaurids, and avian theropods. The contralateral middle ear cavities are interconnected by the supraencephalic pathway that passes through the dorsal tympanic recesses, the posterodorsal prootic sinuses and the parietal sinus. The spatial arrangements of the middle ear cavity and a derived neurocranial pneumatic system in Conchoraptor indicate enhancements of acoustic perception in the lower-frequency registers and of auditory directionality. We further speculate that this improvement of binaural hearing could be explained as an adaptation required for accurate detection of prey and/or predators under conditions of low illumination. The other potentially pneumatic structures of the Conchoraptor cranium include (1) recessus-like irregularities on the dorsal surface of the nasal and frontal bones (a putative oviraptorid synapomorphy; pos); (2) a subotic recess; (3) a sub-condylar recess; and (4) a posterior condylar recess (pos). Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Delayed onset of vocal recognition in Australian sea lion pups (Neophoca cinerea)

In pinnipeds, maternal care strategies and colony density may influence a species’ individual recognition system. We examined the onset of vocal recognition of mothers by Australian sea lion pups (Neophoca cinerea). At 2 months of age, pups responded significantly more to the calls of their own mothers than alien female calls demonstrating a finely tuned recognition system. However, newborn pups did not respond differentially to the calls of their mother from alien female calls suggesting that vocal recognition had not yet developed or is not yet expressed. These findings are in stark contrast to other otariid species where pups learn their mother’s voice before their first separation. Variance in colony density, pup movements, and natal site fidelity may have reduced selective pressures on call recognition in young sea lions, or alternatively, another sensory system may be used for recognition in the early stage of life.