地下煤火回风裂隙火风压分布实验研究

利用煤田露头火区模拟实验装置,通过对煤火燃烧过程中出风裂隙内气体温度的监测,发现裂隙内气体的温度沿裂缝逐渐降低并成指数衰减分布。通过分析得到火区裂隙温度的分布方程并计算得到了裂隙内火风压分布方程,得出煤田火区火风压的影响因素主要有自燃煤层温度、自燃深度和裂隙倾角。     

基于OPMSE与BAT的啤酒行业排放限值仿真

以OPMSE仿真计算啤酒行业排放污水中COD,BOD,NH3-N质量浓度为研究对象,查询及调研清河流域典型啤酒行业产生污水中COD,BOD,NH3-N质量浓度范围,经BAT处理后通过OPMSE的仿真计算,得出排放污水中污染物质量浓度正态分布置信区间、最佳出水及最差出水质量浓度。结果表明:置信水平为99%时,COD,BOD,NH3-N的置信区间分别为(75.83,95.95),(19.30,25.88),(5.68,6.85);最佳出水质量浓度分别为4.14 mg/L,5.36 mg/L,2.71 mg/L;最差出水质量浓度分别为20.64 mg/L,20.70 mg/L,10.86mg/L。将仿真结果与现有排放标准对比,拟定啤酒行业的污染物直接排放限值为COD=100 mg/L,BOD=30mg/L,NH3-N=8 mg/L;间接排放限值为COD=400 mg/L,BOD=80 mg/L,NH3-N=25 mg/L。     

井下采煤影响矿区坡面形态及侵蚀的数值模拟分析

针对井下采煤产生的大范围岩移必然最终改变原有地表形态并影响坡面侵蚀特征及规律这一特殊性,从井下与地表相结合的新视角,结合彬长矿区水土流失特征和典型煤矿采矿条件,以采厚、地表坡面坡度等因素为变量,构建了20个不同类型的数值模型,通过数值模拟方法研究并揭示井下采煤对地表坡面形态及侵蚀的影响规律。结果表明,第一,地表坡面坡度会随采厚增加而呈现增大的趋势,且自然坡度越大,坡度变化量越大;相同采厚条件下,坡度增大率与坡面自然坡度整体上呈负相关。第二,地表坡面坡长会随采厚增加而呈现减小的趋势,且自然坡度越小,坡长变化量越大;随采厚增加,地表坡面坡长减小率与自然坡度呈先正相关后负相关的关系,自然坡度为26.57°是拐点。第三,采厚的增加会提高地表坡面产流产沙的强度,加剧坡面侵蚀,这种效应在坡度较小的坡面更加显著;井下采煤引起地表坡面坡度的增大是产生这一规律的主因。     

Multibody model of the human upper extremity for fracture simulation

About 3.8 million people are injured in accidents at work in Europe every year. The resulting high costs are incurred by the victims themselves, their families, employers and society. We have used a numerical simulation to reconstruct accidents at work for several years. To reconstruct these accidents MADYMO R7.5 with a numerical human model (pedestrian model) is used. However, this model is dedicated to the analysis of car-to-pedestrian accidents and thus cannot be fully used for reconstructing accidents at work. Therefore, we started working on the development of a numerical model of the human body for the purpose of simulating accidents at work. Developing a new numerical model which gives an opportunity to simulate fractures of the upper extremity bones is a stage of that work.     

A numerical study on the feasibility and efficiency of point smoke extraction strategies in large cross-section shield tunnel fires using CFD modeling

The strategy of smoke control is of high importance for the design process of tunnels, especially for long and large cross-section tunnels. The South Hongmei Rd. Tunnel (SHT) located in Shanghai, China, is a 3.39 km long shield TBM (tunnel boring machine) tunnel with an external diameter of 14.5 m. The point smoke extraction system was proposed initially as the main ventilation strategy during a tunnel fire. To investigate the fire characteristics in the tunnel and develop appropriate smoke control strategies, a series of numerical 3D Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted. Three fire scenarios, namely 5 MW, 20 MW and 50 MW, were modeled to evaluate the point extraction system. The gas temperatures, the stratification of the smoke, air temperature, minimum visibility etc., during the smoke spreading of a fire were analyzed. Based on the results of the simulation, the smoke extraction strategies according to fire scale and fire location were proposed for fire extinguishing. It was found that the three-point extraction opening strategy can control the smoke better than two-point extraction opening strategy under various fire scales, especially under serious fire scenario. From the results, damper openings ranged at closer intervals were found more efficient in two-point extraction system. Besides, placing the damper openings in the longitudinal direction can improve the efficiency of smoke extraction. It also results in reduction of the quantity of prefabricated members of duct slab and the process of assembly will be simplified during the construction.     

烟气深度余热回收技术对燃气锅炉NOx排放扩散迁移规律的影响研究

运用Fluent计算软件对北京市丰台区某燃气锅炉排放烟气中NOx的转化和扩散过程进行了数值模拟,定量地研究了烟气深度余热回收技术对燃气锅炉排放NOx在大气中的迁移规律产生的影响,并与Screen 3模型模拟的结果进行了对比.研究发现:烟气深度余热回收技术的应用使NOx的最大落地浓度与烟气直排时相比增加了2.5倍,NOx对本地地表的影响面积增大了15750 m2,增加了本地环境污染的风险.结合燃气锅炉的NOx控制技术提出了缓解局部环境风险的解决方案.结果表明,烟气深度余热回收技术与低氮燃烧技术联用,NOx的控制效率达到70%以上时,在有效提升锅炉热效率的同时,可以缓解由于烟温大幅下降造成的本地环境污染恶化的风险.     

城陵矶综合枢纽工程建设对洞庭湖水动力影响模拟研究

受流域降雨量偏枯以及三峡工程蓄水运行等综合影响,洞庭湖季节性干旱问题近年来日益突出.为缓解洞庭湖旱情,湖南省和湖北省政府提出了建设城陵矶综合枢纽工程.枢纽工程的建设,将改变洞庭湖水动力特征,影响湖区生态环境.该研究基于MIKE 21模型构建了洞庭湖二维水动力模型,模拟预测了枢纽工程建设前后洞庭湖湖体水位、流速等水动力参数变化特征.验证结果显示:水动力模拟结果与实测值吻合较好,模型计算结果有效可靠.模拟结果显示:城陵矶综合枢纽调度运行后,能够有效抬升全湖水位0.78~1.06 m,增加湖泊面积5.96%~10.84%,增加湖容31.18%~39.69%.枢纽工程对缓解洞庭湖秋季旱情、春季旱情作用明显,能够在一定程度上解决洞庭湖枯水期提前、枯水期延长、枯季水位偏低等问题.随着水位的抬升,湖体流速有不同程度的减小,退水期、枯水期平均流速由0.30 m·s-1和0.23 m·s-1降至0.28m·s-1和0.19 m·s-1,分别降低了6.67%、17.39%.城陵矶综合枢纽运行后,水流速度减缓、水体滞留时间延长,将加大湖体富营养化风险.     

基于离散仿真分析的废弃电器电子产品回收网络优化

优化电子废弃物回收网络对控制回收成本、降低环境污染具有重要意义.因此,本文建立了一种综合考虑运输、存储及淡旺季的回收过程离散仿真模型,提出了一种以经济、能源及环境为指标的回收网络评价方法.同时,以安徽省为例,结合现有回收模式,分别设计了4种回收网络布局及运输方案,在不同的回收覆盖率及库存能力条件下以回收成本、燃油消耗及CO2排放为优化目标对比分析各备选方案,提出了在报废量大于0.15万t·a-1的地区建立回收点并采取全局运输模式的最优方案.研究表明,本文提出的方法同样适用于我国其他省市回收网络的优化.     

增大库水位日降幅联合降雨条件下张家祠堂滑坡稳定性分析

库水位下降对滑坡的稳定性变化有重要影响。以张家祠堂滑坡为例,利用Geo-studio软件的Seep/W模块和Slope/W模块分别对滑坡渗流场和稳定性进行数值模拟计算,分析降雨和不同库水位下降速率对该滑坡稳定性的影响规律,并结合滑坡变形的调查情况和数值模拟计算结果对该滑坡进行稳定性预测与评价。结果表明:张家祠堂滑坡为降雨型滑坡,相对于降雨,增大库水位日降幅对滑坡稳定性影响非常有限;预测在非汛期增大库水位日降幅条件下,滑坡整体基本稳定;滑坡在中前部虽有变形,但滑坡整体并未形成连续贯通的软弱面,因此该滑坡目前为基本稳定;滑坡在最危险工况(库水位日降幅1.2m/d+降雨)下的稳定性系数为1.154,滑坡处于基本稳定状态。     

集成仿真技术在空间光学遥感器设计中的应用

研究空间光学遥感器集成仿真中将光学、机械、热、控制等学科综合考虑的技术,从系统层面考虑各学科对光学性能指标的影响。综述了目前国外比较先进的光学遥感器集成仿真分析方法,主要包括以JWST为代表的STOP学科软件数据交互法和以NGST为代表的DOCS状态空间法,详细阐述了这些方法的集成方法和建模思路。集成仿真技术的实施开展可以减小产品概念设计和方案阶段论证周期,为总体指标的制定提供可靠依据。集成仿真是空间光学遥感器多学科优化的前提,深度集成和子系统协同仿真是未来的发展趋势。