超声气浮+SBR工艺在小城镇垃圾场渗滤液处理中的应用

根据小城镇垃圾渗滤液特点，采用超声气浮技术并加以SBR生化处理工艺进行脱氮处理，处理后氮氮，CODcr,BOD5,悬浮物均达标排放。具有操作简单，灵活，处理成本低，设施可整体搬移的特点，非常适合小城镇小型垃圾卫生填埋场使用。     

老化对污泥改良沙土吸附水中对硝基苯酚性能的影响探讨

以添加不同比例城市污泥并老化2年后的新疆沙土为研究对象,从有机碳含量及对硝基苯酚吸附能力2个方面探讨了污泥改良技术对沙土的影响。结果表明,模拟废水对硝基苯酚在沙土、污泥及污泥改良沙土中的吸附等温线均符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温式;与污泥和沙土单独老化过程(用于计算理论值)相比,混合老化后的改良沙土的性质发生了很大变化,当加入污泥含量为9.1%～50%时,污泥改良沙土中的有机碳含量比理论计算值减少了11.54%～29.02%;对硝基苯酚在混合老化的改良沙土中的饱和吸附量远大于理论计算值,但吸附系数却远小于后者,表明混合老化后表面吸附作用增强,而有机质的分配作用在总吸附作用中的贡献减小。     

基于水质模型的河流水环境调控方案效果评估——以太浦河为例

针对太湖流域河流水质达标率下降的现状,构建基于水质模型的水环境优化方案的效果分析方法。以太浦河为例,应用WASP模型分析河流水环境优化调控方案的效果,应用实测水文水质数据率定和验证河流水质模型参数,设定枯水期污染物蓄积、降雨导致面源释放和突发性水污染事故引起的水质超标3种情景,通过模型模拟调水和抽水等调控措施的效果,分析不同的调控方案与水质改善效果的响应关系,为水环境优化方案筛选提供决策支持。     

废轮胎热解油脱色工艺研究

为解决废旧轮胎热解油颜色过深和存在异味而无法直接利用问题,文章采用活性炭对热解油吸附脱色工艺,将液相中含有的杂质、色素、异味等舍弃物吸附于活性炭表面上,以达到精致的目的。试验表明:热解油活性炭吸附脱色技术的最佳工艺条件为炭粒度550~1 700μm、脱色温度为室温、吸附时间为300 min、振荡频率为150 r/min。并证明了平2均孔径、中孔孔容积和中孔比表面积为26.4、0.307 m L/g和280 m/g的烟煤基活性炭对热解油具有很好的脱色能力。     

实际生活污水快速培养好氧颗粒污泥的方法研究

采用序批式活性污泥法(Sequencing Batch Reactor,SBR),通过接种絮状污泥研究逐级改变进水组成(配水与实际生活污水的比例)实现好氧颗粒污泥快速培养,同时考查了好氧颗粒污泥培养过程中颗粒污泥的物理性质及对污染物的去除效果。结果表明:在好氧颗粒污泥培养初期通过添加营养物质并逐渐增加实际生活污水的比例可以实现好氧颗粒污泥的快速培养,与完全用配水培养的好氧颗粒污泥基本相似,且培养出的好氧颗粒污泥结构密实,湿密度为1.046 g/cm3,比重为1.025,平均沉降速度为38.67 m/h,粒径在1 mm左右,颜色为黄褐色;同时培养的颗粒污泥对污染物有较好的处理效果,COD、NH+4-N的去除率分别高达85%、90%。培养初期在实际生活污水中通过添加营养物质能够诱导好氧颗粒污泥形成,实现好氧颗粒污泥的快速培养。     

水解酸化+CAST工艺处理城市污水的工程设计与运行特性

介绍了昌邑市城北污水处理厂一期工程的设计参数、主要设备与运行特性。结果表明：采用“水解酸化+CAST”工艺处理城市污水的出水COD,BOD5,SS可稳定达到GB 18918-2002《国家城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级B标准,而NH3-N,TN,TP的处理效果变差与污泥发生膨胀有关。水解酸化对COD平均去除率达23%,也降低了污水的pH值,而不受水温影响;水解酸化可为后续生化处理工艺起到稳定水质作用。水解酸化+CAST工艺处理吨水平均能耗为0.28 kW?h。污水厂的投入运行使得COD,NH3-N的年削减量分别为4074,174 t,可大大缓解当地的水体环境污染。     

An experimental and thermodynamic equilibrium investigation of the Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, Mn and Ni partitioning during sewage sludge incineration

The effects of different chlorides and operational conditions on the distribution and speciation of six heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, Mn and Ni) during sludge incineration were investigated using a simulated laboratory tubular-furnace reactor. A thermodynamic equilibrium investigation using the FactSage software was performed to compare the experimental results. The results indicate that the volatility of the target metals was enhanced as the chlorine concentration increased. Inorganic-Cl influenced the volatilization of heavy metals in the order of Pb > Zn > Cr > Cu > Mn > Ni. However, the effects of organic-Cl on the volatility of Mn, Pb and Cu were greater than the effects on Zn, Cr and Ni. With increasing combustion temperature, the presence of organic-Cl (PVC) and inorganic-Cl (NaCl) improved the transfer of Pb and Zn from bottom ash to fly ash or fuse gas. However, the presence of chloride had no obvious influence on Mn, Cu and Ni. Increased retention time could increase the volatilization rate of heavy metals; however, this effect was insignificant. During the incineration process, Pb readily formed PbSiO₄ and remained in the bottom ash. Different Pb compounds, primarily the volatile PbCl₂, were found in the gas phase after the addition of NaCl; the dominant Pb compounds in the gas phase after the addition of PVC were PbCl₂, Pb(ClO₄)₂ and PbCl₂O₄.     

Zero-valent iron doped carbons readily developed from sewage sludge for lead removal from aqueous solution

Low-cost but high-efficiency composites of iron-containing porous carbons were prepared using sewage sludge and ferric salts as raw materials. Unlike previous time- and energy-consuming manufacturing procedures, this study shows that pyrolyzing a mixture of sludge and ferric salt can produce suitable composites for lead adsorption. The specific surface area, the total pore volume and the average pore width of the optimal composite were 321 m²/g, 0.25 cm³/g, and 3.17 nm, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that ferric salt favored the formation of metallic iron, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the formation of hydroxyl and carboxylic groups. The result of batch tests indicated that the adsorption capacity of carbons activated with ferric salt could be as high as 128.9 mg/g, while that of carbons without activation was 79.1 mg/g. The new manufacturing procedure used in this study could save at least 19.5 kJ of energy per gram of activated carbon.     

Determination of spontaneous combustion of thermally dried sewage sludge

The general purpose of this research was the determination of self-ignition tendency of thermally dried sewage sludge. Eight Spanish plants located in Madrid, Barcelona and Málaga were selected to develop this study and ten samples were collected. Three different testing methodologies for studying the self-ignition of dusts have been undertaken. Thermogravimetric techniques, self-ignition temperature analyses and UN Division 4.2 tests were developed. The results of these analyses showed the risk of self-ignition during storage and transportation of these substances.     

利用灰色Verhulst模型对烟台市空气质量综合评价研究

确定空气中的污染物,预测发展趋势,对改善空气质量状况有着积极的意义.以烟台市2009年-2013年的空气质量为历史数据,利用灰色Verhulst模型预测出未来几年的空气质量数据,其结果显示烟台的空气质量状况在逐年改善,几年后可达到国家一级环境标准.为了确定影响烟台空气质量的主要因素,利用灰色关联分析法得到工厂生活中排放的、烟(粉)尘是最主要的影响因素,私人汽车拥有量和绿化面积是相对重要的影响因素.