粉煤灰与电石渣治理煤矿自燃矸石山

煤矿自燃矸石山是矿区一大污染源。本文研究了粉煤灰，电石渣这两种工业废弃物作为治理自燃矸石山的灭火材料的可能性。实验室试验表明，在一定的配比下它们具有良好的阻燃性。现场工程获得了成功，不仅取得了良好的环境效益，也取得了良好的经济效益。     

Use of adjuvants to minimize leaching of herbicides in soil

Excessive leaching of herbicides affects their efficacy against target weeds and results in contamination of groundwater. Use of adjuvants that can weakly bind herbicides and in turn release them slowly is a valuable technique to prolong the efficacy of herbicides and to minimize their leaching into groundwater. Effects of activated charcoal, three humic substances (Enersol SP 85%, Enersol 12%, and Agroliz), or a synthetic polymer (Hydrosorb) on the leaching of bromacil, dicamba, and simazine were investigated in leaching columns using a Candler fine sand (Typic Quartzipsamment). The addition of adjuvants had no harmful effects on physical properties of the soil as evident from lack of its affects on water percolation. When no adjuvants were used, 69%, 37%, and 4% of applied dicamba, bromacil, and simazine, respectively, were leached in the first pore volume of leachate (⋍3.2 cm rainfall). With five pore volumes of leachate (⋍16 cm rainfall), bromacil and dicamba were leached completely and only 80% of simazine was leached. Using Enersol 12% adjuvant resulted in a 13%–18% reduction in leaching of dicamba and bromacil in five pore volumes of leachate. The leaching of simazine was significantly decreased when any of the five adjuvants mentioned above were used. However, the decrease in leaching was significantly greater when using Enersol SP 85% or Enersol 12% (24%–28%) than when using the other adjuvants (12%–16%).     

Evaluation of the secondary structures of protein in the extracellular polymeric substances extracted from activated sludge by different methods

The changes of protein secondary structures in the extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) extracted from activated sludge by four different methods were studied by analyzing the amide I region(1700–1600 cm-1) of the Fourier transform infrared spectra and model protein test. The results showed the molecular weight distribution of organic matter extracted by centrifugation, heating and cation exchange resin(CER) was similar, while the EPS extracted by centrifugation(Control) and CER had similar fluorescent organic matter. The protein secondary structures of extracted EPS by the four methods were different. The similarities of protein secondary structures between the EPS extracted by CER with the Control were the highest among the four extracted EPS. Although the EPS yield extracted by formaldehyde + NaOH method were the highest, its protein secondary structures had the lowest similarity with those extracted by the Control. Additionally, the effects of centrifugation and CER extraction on the secondary structures of bovine serum albumin were also lower than that of other extraction processes. CER enables the second maximum extraction of EPS and maximum retention of the original secondary structure of proteins.     

Effects of temperature and SO3 on re-emission of mercury from activated carbon under flue gas conditions

Mercury(Hg) is a toxic and bio-accumulating heavy metal that is predominantly released via the combustion of coal. Due to its toxicity, the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)has introduced Mercury and Air Toxics Standards(MATS) Rule regarding allowable Hg emissions. In order to reduce emissions, power plants have widely adopted activated carbon(AC) injection. AC injection has proven to be an effective method to reduce Hg emissions, but the re-emission of previously adsorbed Hg during unit operation, likely due to changing temperature or flue gas composition, could be problematic. This study specifically examined the effects of temperature and sulfur trioxide(SO3) concentration,by ramping temperature and SO3 concentration independently and simultaneously, on AC samples that are already exposed to flue gas and saturated in presence of Hg, sulfur dioxide(SO2) and nitric oxide(NO). Of these two suspected factors to cause re-emission,temperature had the greater impact and resulted in re-emission of both elemental and oxidized Hg with a greater fraction of oxidized Hg, which can be attributed to elemental Hg being more strongly bonded to the AC surface. Surprisingly, exposing the samples to increasing concentrations of SO3 had nearly no effect under the conditions examined in this study, possibly as a result of the samples being already saturated with sulfur prior to the SO3 ramp tests to simulate transient conditions in the plant.     

Tuning of activated sludge in winter based on respirogram profiles under standard and site temperatures

Respirograms of activated sludge OUR_ x~Tand OUR_x~(20)were measured under site(T) and standard(20°C) temperatures, respectively, and the predicted standard temperature respirogram OUR_( x,cal)~(20)was also calculated using the Arrhenius equation. These respirogram profiles reveal more information than effluent quality. A decrease of OUR_ x ~(20)is a critical alarm signal for the loss of pollutant removal capacity, and a sudden increase of the predicted value OUR_( x,cal)~(20)is an alarm signal for the unrecoverable deterioration of biomass. The sign of OUR_x~(20)–OUR_(x,cal)~(20)can be used for selection of tuning strategies. For example, a negative value of OUR_x~(20)–OUR_( x,cal)~(20)indicates that doubling biomass is difficult,thus strategies such as extending the reaction time with limited available biomass is preferred. The findings in this study elucidated the respiration profile of activated sludge under changes of temperature and can be effectively used for the stable operation of Wastewater Treatment Plants under cold temperatures and seasonal variations.     

The Impact of “No Impact Man”: Alternative Hedonism as Environmental Appeal

As “No Impact Man,” writer Colin Beavan conducted a one-year experiment to determine whether he and his family could reduce their environmental impact to zero while living and working in Manhattan. This article examines the No Impact Man (NIM) experiment both as “alternative hedonism,” a reconceptualization of the “good life” that avoids unduly damaging the natural world, and also as a kind of “eco-stunt,” an attempt to garner significant media coverage about positive environmental behaviors. We use DeLuca's theorization of the “image event” to analyze the No Impact Man franchise—blog, book, and documentary film—though we modify that theory in order to explore how No Impact Man functions as multi-media and new-media spectacle. In particular, we explore the risky double-bind Beavan finds himself in when, through his choice to publicize the NIM eco-stunt, he is critiqued for opportunism, foolishness, and insincerity. We suggest that efforts to publicize eco-stunts, however well conceived, invariably invite backlash. As a result, we find that alternative hedonism theory and practice open a space of invitation to environmentally beneficial behaviors and attitudes that could have potential with some audiences, but their mass appeal is compromised by the limitations of the stunts that publicize them.     

城市污泥的水稻肥用效果及环境影响的研究

用盆载试验研究城市污泥直接肥用对水稻生产及其产量的影响，并测定了污泥中重金属在稻米和土壤中的残留量，结果表明：污泥作水稻基肥施用有明显的增产作用和一定改土效果，但污泥带入农田的重金属大部分残留在土壤中，少部分被作物携带走，而在稻米中的残留量符合国家标准。     

城市大气污染物总量控制最大排放量模型法及其应用

本文建立了城市大气污染物总量控制最大排放量模型．把该模型应用于广东省某市ＳＯ＿２总量控制计算，结果表明。该模型的应用效果是较理想的．为城市大气污染物总量控制提供了一种有效的方法．     

螺旋沉降离心机在污泥脱水装置上的应用

针对污泥脱水工艺应用了国产卧式螺旋沉降离心机，并辅以高效有机絮凝剂，经试运证明，此项工艺脱水效果显著。可将含水率９９．８％－９８．５％的污泥脱水至７５％－７８％，且分离液对污水处理装置无明显冲击，消除了污泥造成二次污染的严重问题。     

森林地表火行为估算的数学模型

本文在大量室内林火室验的基础上，通过参考ＢＥＨＡＶＥ程序中的数学模型，提出了一整套估算地表火火行为特征量的表达式。为保证求解火蔓延速度的更合理性和具有较高的精度，将风速和坡度对火蔓延速度的影响，采用了矢量叠加的方法进行修正。在假设火场为椭圆面来估算火场状况时，不但考虑了风速对火场形状的影响，还引入折合风达的概念，通过将坡度对火场的作用折合成相应的风速值来修正坡度的影响，与大兴安岭野外试验的结果对比表明，本数学模型定量合理。