Light rail use is more likely on “walkable” blocks: Further support for using micro-level environmental audit measures

The primary purpose of the study was to address the claim that people are more likely to walk to a transit stop if they live on a “walkable” block. An additional purpose was to evaluate the Irvine Minnesota Inventory (IMI) as an environmental audit tool. The IMI was used to measure walkability features of 19 blocks in a revitalizing neighborhood. We hypothesized that residents who walked to a light rail TRAX stop (n = 22) would live on blocks with higher walkability ratings compared to residents who did not walk to TRAX (nonriders, n = 15), or who walked only after a closer TRAX stop was built (new users, n = 11). A MANCOVA indicated the IMI scales differentiated the blocks; the strongest differences were obtained in subscales that measured the block's diversity, safety from crime and density (marginally significant). Participants' perceptions of their complete walk to the transit stop were consistent with the home block IMI scores, with the continuing riders having more positive views than the other two groups. The results show the ability of the IMI to distinguish among blocks in walkability, and support further use of this audit tool in environmental analyses and active living research. We end with a discussion of conceptual and methodological issues in the use of audit tools and provide recommendations for using these measures for local, immediate interests, as well as for building a broader science of environmental measurement.     

Natural and pre-treatments induced variability in the chemical composition and morphology of lichens and mosses selected for active monitoring of airborne elements

To enhance the reliability of the moss and lichen transplant technique for active biomonitoring of trace metals in urban environments, we evaluated the natural variability in the chemical composition of the (epilithic and epiphytic) moss Hypnum cupressiforme and the epiphytic lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea from two reference areas in NE Italy. Green shoots of epilithic mosses and lobes of epiphytic lichens from larch branches showed rather homogenous composition and were selected for the exposure in nylon bags. As different physico-chemical pre-treatments are usually applied to selected cryptogamic material before its exposure, we also evaluated the effects of oven-drying at 120 degrees C for 24h, washing in 1N HNO3 solution, and in 0.5% NH4 oxalate solution at 85 degrees C for 15 h on the chemical composition and morphology of water-washed moss shoots and lichen lobes. Pre-treatments remarkably changed the chemical composition of selected materials but not their surface morphology.     

磁化处理对活性污泥胶体颗粒表面的zeta电位的影响

污水处理过程中,二沉池的泥水分离影响整套工艺的效果,用投加混凝剂来降低活性污泥胶体颗粒表面的zeta电位(以下简写活性污泥zeta电位),增加了运行成本.通过磁场磁化可以降低活性污泥zeta电位,达到节省药剂的目的.研究了磁感应强度、磁化时间、磁场位型以及搅拌速率对氧化沟活性污泥zeta电位的影响规律.研究表明,磁化处理能降低活性污泥zeta电位,在磁场中心磁感应强度为0.40 T左右及反应器与磁场平行静置磁化时,zeta电位降低幅度最大,平均在46.5%～51.4%.     

金属网阻火器设计参数的优化选择

就不同的火焰速度，应采用合理的金属同参数进行了研究，得出了临界消焰速度和金属网形状系数（ｄ／Ｗ）以及金属同层数之间的实验式。提出了网与网之间的理想间隔，并研究出多层金属网的最佳故数。按照本文提出的有关论据，便可在设计金属网阻火器时，对有关参数进行优化选择。     

利用焦炭吸附进行燃煤烟气脱硫脱氮技术的研究

介绍一种干法烟气脱硫脱氮工艺方法 ,利用一种非常容易获得炭质吸附材料经过简单的工艺处理后 ,达到燃煤烟气脱硫脱氮效果 ,整个过程不产生二次污染     

用活性炭提纯盐酸付玫瑰苯胺

盐酸付玫瑰苯胺(pararosaniline Hydrochlorlde,又名对品红)是分析大气SO_2的主要试剂。本文建立了用活性炭代替正丁醇提纯对品红的新方法,具有操作简便。省时,成本低、污染少等特点,产品质量好且稳定。实验结果显示,使用本法提纯的对品红在分析大气SO_2中具有较高的精密度和准确度。     

氟里昂废液的回收与再利用

利用活性炭比表面积大、吸附力强、而且效稳定性好的特性，来抽提氟里昂废液中的“油”份，经抽提回收的氟里昂达到了油分测定仪的使用标准，从而达到了回收再利用氟里昂的目的．     

餐饮废水治理方法的研究

对餐饮废水进行了实验研究。综合国内外对餐饮废水处理的工艺及原理。研究了一种经济实用的处理方法。结果表明 ,采用复合新型混凝剂 ,将废水经过混凝沉淀、砂滤及活性炭吸附深度处理后 ,达到国家正常排放标准 ,经过消毒处理后的水可用于生活杂用水。     

利用烷基化废硫酸生产活性白土

论述了硫酸烷基化废酸的处理方法，并用来生产活性白土。试验结果表明，工艺可行，解决了硫酸烷基化废酸外排所造成的环境污染问题。     

Fenton试剂处理油田含聚污水中聚丙烯酰胺的试验研究

通过对我国油田含聚污水污染状况进行分析,提出处理油田含聚污水的关键是去除污水中的聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM).以聚丙烯酰胺污水为处理对象,通过正交试验确定了Fenton试剂各影响因素的影响权重,并深入研究了Fenton试剂中各影响因素的作用机制,同时通过分别试验确定了Fenton试剂处理聚丙烯酰胺污水的最佳操作条件:Fe2 和H2O2浓度分别为400mg/L、1.0mL/L,反应温度40 ℃、反应时间15 min,反应体系的pH为3左右,HPAM的降解率能达到88%以上,COD降解率高达97%.