Spatial variations in daily average CO2 concentrations above wetland surface of Xianghai National Nature Reserve, China

Horizontal and vertical variations of daily average CO2 concentration above the wetland surface were studied in Xianghai National Nature Reserve of China in August, 2000. The primary purpose was to study spatial distribution characteristics of CO2 concentration on the four levels of height(0.1 m, 0.6 m, 1.2 m and 2 m) and compare the differences of CO2 concentration under different land covers. Results showed that daily average CO2 concentration above wetland surface in Xianghai National Natural Reserve was lower than that above other wetlands in northeast China as well as the worldwide average, suggesting that Xianghai wetland absorbed CO2 in August and acted as“sink” of CO2. The horizontal variations on the four levels of height along the latitude were distinct, and had the changing tendency of“decreasing after increasing” with the increase of height. The areas with obvious variations were consistent on different levels of height,and those with the highest variations appeared above surface of shore, sloping field, Typha wetland and Phragmites wetland; the vertical variations were greatly different, with the higher variations in Phragmites wetland and Typha wetland, and the lands near the shore and the sloping field with the lower variations. Spatial variations of daily average CO2 concentrations above wet!and surface were affected by surface qualities and land covers.     

3种活性污泥法处理工艺的生命周期能耗分析

运用LCA方法对普通活性污泥法、AB活性污泥法和厌氧水解－活性污泥法3种处理系统从其原材料开采和加工开始直至污水厂施工建设、处理运行以及废弃拆除的LC全过程能耗进行了识别和量化分析,并进行相互比较。研究结果表明,在微孔和穿孔管2种曝气条件下与普通活性污泥法相比,厌氧水解法的LC能耗分别省节14．0％和17．6％,并且比能耗可大幅降低40．5％－43．0％。AB法的LC能耗分别节省9．5％和15．8％,但由于产泥量较大而比能耗仅与普通活性污泥法相当。     

Treatment of a dyeing wastewater from a woolen mill using an A/O membrane bio-reactor

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序批式活性污泥法及其发展

SBR及其发展工艺具有其它工艺无可比拟的优势，特别是其良好的除磷脱氮功能。本文介绍了SBR及其发展工艺各自的工艺特点、优势及不足之处，为它们在生产实践中的进一步推广应用提供技术参考。     

活性污泥作为气化用型煤粘结剂的研究 Ⅰ.污泥添加量和型煤成型条件的考察

以活性污泥为研究对象，以合成氨厂广泛使用的白泥型煤参照，进行了气化用型煤粘结剂的研究，结果表明，当污泥添加量为２％白泥添加量为０．３％时，所制得的型煤抗压强度、跌落强度、热稳定性与白泥型相当。     

离心脱水机的污泥脱水实验及应用分析

简要阐述了高效型离心脱水机的工作原理及其在上海两个污水处理厂进行的现场污泥脱水实验，结果表明，污泥脱水效果良好，从污泥性状与脱水性分析说明，污泥浓度低，有机物含量高，则脱水性差；有机物含量低，则脱水性好，应用分析表明，随着污泥性状逐年变化，离心脱水机将成为流脱水机。     

染化废水厌氧生物处理技术的研究

鉴于厌氧微生物对偶氮染料的还原裂解作用，开发了以易降解工业有机废水作为外加碳源的染化废水厌氧生物处理的新技术．试验结果表明：在进水ＣＯＤ３１００—３５００ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＣＯＤ总／ＣＯＤ染化比值４０，ＨＲＴ３．０ｄ下，ＣＯＤ去除率＞８０％，最低染化ＣＯＤ去除率＞４５％，色度去除率＞８５％；实验证实，在厌氧处理过程中，染料组分的结构已发生了明显的变化；反应器内的污泥大多呈颗粒状；污泥活性和工艺性能可控制工艺运行参数得以维持．     

Test of membrane bioreactor for waste water treatment in a petrochemical complex

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) used in water and waste water treatment is a developing technique for water pollution control and water reuse. This paper describes a membrane-bioreactor for treatment of waste water in a petrochemical complex. The experimental MBR was a lab scale one composed of an activated sludge bioreactor unit and an ultrafiltration membrane unit. The relationship of COD removal with MLSS and HRT in this MBR was studied. The effects of crossflow velocity, backwash interval and volume of flush liquid on the flux were discussed. The results showed that average removal of COD, oil, SS and turbidity in petrochemical waste water by the MBR was 91%, 86%, 92% and 99% respectively. The average removal of NH₃-N and total phosphorous was 85% and 82%. A coefficient of COD removal, k, was 0.017-0.080 L/(mg.d). The membrane flux maintained higher than 60 L/hm2 bar for 34 days without chemical cleaning when the velocity of crossflow was 3.5-3.9 m/s and the backwash interval was 30 minutes and backwash duration at 20 seconds. The results indicated that it is feasible for MBR technology to be used in petrochemical waste water treatment. The treated water could be considered as a source used to make up water for industrial cooling system or to be reused for other purposes.     

SBR处理废水中的污泥膨胀与控制

通过土豆食品加工废水处理的工程实例 ,指出在处理易生物降解和溶解性有机废水的SBR系统中 ,采用较高负荷运行会发生溶解氧偏低而造成的污泥膨胀。探讨了污泥膨胀的原因 ,并详细介绍了控制膨胀的措施     

The influence of sewage sludge properties on sludge-borne metal availability

With the advent of more stringent controls on wastewater treatment, sewage sludge production in Europe and many parts of the world is increasing. With this increase comes the problem of sludge disposal, and recycling to land arguably offers an economically and environmentally sustainable option. However, a major limitation of sewage sludge reuse is the potential release of heavy metals from the sludge and heavy metal accumulation to toxic levels in topsoils. The properties of the sludge play a crucial role in determining the initial release and subsequent availability of heavy metals in amended soils. Bioavailable forms of heavy metals in recently amended soils are most likely to be those that are bioavailable in the sewage sludge. In this paper, published research on the importance of sewage sludge characteristics on metal release and bioavailability will be reviewed and contrasted with original research. A selection of sludges from around Australia has been collected for this purpose. Through the use of incubation studies, isotope dilution techniques, ion-selective electrode measurements and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy, the importance of a range of sludge properties on heavy metal behaviour in sludges and sludge-amended soils is addressed.