湖泊沉积物-水界面微量重金属扩散作用及其水质影响研究

通过对云南泸沽湖、洱海沉积物孔隙水微量重金属剖面特征及界面扩散通量的研究,定量评估了微量重金属界面扩散作用对上覆湖水水质的影响,并探讨了春季节性变化规律,结果表明,孔隙水微量重金属浓度面均呈典型的峰形分布,界面氧化还原状况的变化是影响这种分布的主要因素;微量重金属界面扩散通量在夏季明显大于冬季,深水区大于浅水区;这种擅长 用作用对湖水中微量重金属含量的变化影响较大,尤其对深度较小,水体寄宿时间长、     

Are all experiments created equal? A framework for analysis of the learning potential of policy experiments in environmental governance

Environmental changes are increasing the need to understand complex cross-scale feedbacks in social–ecological systems. However, consistent conceptualisation of learning associated with environmental governance is lacking, and research mainly centres on individual variables. This paper identifies a typology of such learning, and theorises about configurations of variables. Focusing on experimentation as an intervention geared towards learning, it proposes a definition of policy experiment. A theoretical framework is presented, summarising a typology of experiments based on learning-related variables embedded in design choices, and reflected in institutional rule aggregations. The framework facilitates systematic analysis of real-world cases and testing of hypotheses on the effects of different types of experiment on learning. A case study demonstrates application of the framework. Results suggest future research paths that include attention to additional relevant variables. The findings have relevance for scholars interested in experimentation and learning, and environmental policy-makers considering experimentation to assess policy innovations.     

Understanding Social Complexity Within the Wildland–Urban Interface: A New Species of Human Habitation?

The lack of knowledge regarding social diversity in the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) or an in-depth understanding of the ways people living there interact to address common problems is concerning, perhaps even dangerous, given that community action is necessary for successful wildland fire preparedness and natural resource management activities. In this article, we lay out the knowledge and preliminary case study evidence needed to begin systematically documenting the differing levels and types of adaptive capacity WUI communities have for addressing collective problems such as wildland fire hazard. In order to achieve this end, we draw from two theoretical perspectives encompassing humans' interactions with their environment, including (1) Kenneth Wilkinson's interactional approach to community, (2) and certain elements of place literature. We also present case study research on wildfire protection planning in two drastically different California communities to illustrate how social diversity influences adaptive capacity to deal with hazards such as wildland fire. These perspectives promote an image of the WUI not as a monolithic entity but a complex mosaic of communities with different needs and existing capacities for wildland fire and natural resource management.     

气-水界面对病毒静态吸附实验结果的影响

气-水界面存在可能导致不能正确评价土壤对病毒的静态吸附能力.本研究通过室内一次平衡法实验,比较分析气-水界面对噬菌体MS2在不同处理（非灭菌/灭菌）的不同土壤中的吸附实验结果影响,同时评价不同程度气-水界面对没有土壤存在时的病毒回收率影响.结果表明,气-水界面存在对吸附实验结果的影响在砂质潮土上最为明显,其次为红壤土,而在红粘土上的影响几乎可忽略,这可能与土壤本身吸附/致死病毒的能力不同有关;土壤灭菌后进一步加剧气-水界面对砂质潮土吸附实验结果的偏差,而在红壤土上则有减弱趋势.气-水界面存在显著降低空白实验病毒回收率,其降低趋势随气-水界面的增加而加剧,当加入土壤后,土壤颗粒有可能阻止病毒接近气-水界面或改变病毒吸附在固-液-气界面的力量,因而气-水界面存在时的空白实验结果并非为真正的空白实验结果,这可能是导致气-水界面引起静态吸附实验结果偏差的主要原因.     

东海春季赤潮前后沉积物-海水界面营养盐交换速率的研究

应用实验室培养法现场研究了3～5月东海硅藻赤潮发生前后10个站位的营养盐在沉积物-海水界面的交换,并应用连续函数拟合法计算了营养盐的界面交换速率.结果显示,NO^-₃-N在赤潮前向沉积物中汇聚［-1.33～－0.68 mmol/(m²·d)］,赤潮后却基本由沉积物向海水中释放［－0.69～0.82 mmol/(m²·d)］.NH⁺₄-N在赤潮前后大都从沉积物中释放［－0.65～1.46 mmol/(m²·d)］,赤潮后释放速率小于赤潮前.NO^-₂-N赤潮前后除Zc17站外都向沉积物中汇聚［－0.09～0.05 mmol/(m²·d)］,赤潮后汇聚速率稍高.SiO^2-₃-Si在所有站位都由沉积物向海水释放［0.85～9.23 mmol/(m²·d)］,其赤潮后速率高于赤潮前.PO^3-₄-P在赤潮前向沉积物中汇聚［－0.06～－0.01 mmol/(m²·d)］,在赤潮后却由沉积物向海水中释放［0～1.26 mmol/(m²·d)］.NO^-₃-N和PO^3-₄-P向东海近海沉积物的汇聚在春季不利于硅藻赤潮的暴发,但其在硅藻赤潮暴发后从沉积物的大量释放为后面紧接的大面积甲藻赤潮的暴发提供了重要的营养物质补充.     

滨海地带地下水面与咸淡水界面伴随着潮汐波动而变化的规律的探讨研究(Ⅰ)二维数值仿真数学模型的建立及其效度的验证

在研究海岸带广泛存在的凸凹不平的不透水层的几何及地质特性的基础上,结合地下水渗流运动的特征,运用数理分析的手法,建立了不同于以往的模拟海岸带含水层咸淡水界面变动规律的二维数值仿真数学模型.其后,通过与实验数据的对比验证了其效度.     

The case for policy‐relevant conservation science

Drawing on the “evidence‐based” (Sutherland et al. 2013) versus “evidence‐informed” debate (Adams & Sandbrook 2013), which has become prominent in conservation science, I argue that science can be influential if it holds a dual reference (Lentsch & Weingart 2011) that contributes to the needs of policy makers whilst maintaining technical rigor. In line with such a strategy, conservation scientists are increasingly recognizing the usefulness of constructing narratives through which to enhance the influence of their evidence (Leslie et al. 2013; Lawton & Rudd 2014). Yet telling stories alone is rarely enough to influence policy; instead, these narratives must be policy relevant. To ensure that evidence is persuasive alongside other factors in a complex policy‐making process, conservation scientists could follow 2 steps: reframe within salient political contexts and engage more productively in boundary work, which is defined as the ways in which scientists “construct, negotiate, and defend the boundary between science and policy” (Owens et al. 2006:640). These will both improve the chances of evidence‐informed conservation policy.     

Global environmental assessments: Impact mechanisms

Many impacts of Global Environmental Assessment (GEA) processes on policy processes, and the mechanisms underlying these impacts, remain underappreciated. In this research, we focus on the 5th Global Environment Outlook and the Working Group III contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Based on the perception of GEA process participants, we describe the mechanisms through which assessments create or alter interpersonal interactions which can affect the dissemination of ideas. In particular, we find that GEAs can contribute to framing international coordinative discourses in intergovernmental negotiations. This can be achieved by widening, improving and/or maintaining the active participation of policy actors in the discussions of global environmental risks and by creating the scientific foundations for intergovernmental negotiations. GEAs can also contribute to national coordinative discourses by facilitating reflexive learning amongst participants, empowering them to diffuse and translate global information, and by providing methodological guidance. They can contribute to national communicative discourses by reviving interest and awareness of the urgency to address environmental problems. In this way they provide powerful arguments for governmental societal actors to challenge or strengthen existing national coordinative discourses. Finally, GEAs can improve scientific discourses worldwide by enhancing the capacity of individual researchers to produce and communicate relevant research insights. This is achieved by participating in a learning exercise with an extended community of peers and policy actors. This article is part of a special issue on solution-oriented global environmental assessments.     

废塑料生产胶粘剂的研究

讨论了利用废塑料制取胶粘剂的方法，并叙述了该胶粘剂的配方选择、性能试验、主要特点和用途     

成矿流体地球化学界面:Ⅰ概念的由来及发展

成矿流体地球化学界面是成矿流体在运移演化过程中 ,由于成矿流体周围环境的突变、成矿流体演化的不连续性和成矿流体 -环境的相互作用结果等内外因素突变所造成的成矿作用突变部位。本文简要介绍了成矿流体地球化学界面的由来、发展、含义、组成及研究意义