Photocatalytic removal of nitrogen oxides via titanium dioxide

We studied the removal of nitrogen oxides pollutants via TiO₂ Degussa P25 powder by photocatalysis. Parameters such as mass of catalyst, geometric irradiated surface, catalyst morphology, and thermal treatment were tested to explain the photocatalytic concentration decrease of nitrogen oxides. According to our working conditions, the conversion rates increased until an optimal value of the TiO₂ weight, 35% of NO concentration and around 20% of NOx, was decomposed by the photocatalysis. The NOx removal increased proportionally with the irradiated geometric surface. The structural transformation of anatase to rutile performed by thermal treatment involved the decrease of the photocatalytic activity.     

A Biosurfactant-Enhanced Soil Flushing for the Removal of Phenanthrene and Diesel in Sand

In order to examine the potential of biosurfactants in soil remediation, and to investigate the effects of several operating conditions, such as flow rate, biosurfactant concentration and surfactant type, biosurfactant-enhanced soil flushing was conducted. In the biosurfactant-enhanced soil flushing process, the removal efficiency increased as the flow rate decreased. Rhamnolipid showed no effect on the removal efficiency of phenanthrene and diesel from sand in the concentration range 0.3-0.5%. However, rhamnolipid showed higher efficiencies for the removal of phenanthrene and diesel from sand than Tween 80. Based on total recovery, following an equivalent pore volume flush, it was more difficult to remove diesel than phenanthrene. In order to obtain the specific removal efficiency, more pore volumes of surfactant solution may be required in field applications. Under optimum conditions, the biosurfactant removed as much as 70% of the phenanthrene and 60% of the diesel in the sand. These results indicate that the use of biosurfactants in the flushing process is favorable, not only with respect to the environment, but also on removal efficiencies.     

The Effect of Incremental Reserve Design and Changing Reservation Goals on the Long-Term Efficiency of Reserve Systems

Abstract:  Selecting reserve areas based on percentages, such as 10% or 12% of a bioregion, is common in conservation planning despite widespread admission that such percentages are arbitrary and likely to be inadequate for the conservation of all biodiversity. Reserve systems based on these relatively low percentage targets are likely to require expansion in the future, resulting in the assembly of reserve systems over many years (incremental reserve design). How then will incremental reserve design, such as increasing percentage targets over time, affect the long-term efficiency of marine reserve systems? We used South Australia as a case study to investigate how changing percentage targets affects the contribution of individual planning units to efficient reserve design. Selection frequency counts provided a measure of a planning unit's conservation value. For the majority of planning units, changing targets led to a change in their conservation value indicating, for example, that planning units identified as high-value sites at a low-percentage conservation target may be of lesser importance when targets are increased. Despite the variability in the value of individual planning units at different targets, there was no loss in efficiency from incremental design of reserve systems based on systematic methods compared with purpose-built reserve systems (i.e., the system is assembled in a single iteration). The exception was when incrementally designed systems were based on South Australia's existing marine reserve system—a system developed in an ad hoc method. The result was reserve systems that were less efficient, less compact, and larger in size. This suggests that systematic approaches have an important role for efficient reserve design when there is uncertainty about the target level of reservation .     

微孔扩散管曝气试验

本文综术字在污水处理站使用离心鼓风机穿孔管大气泡浅 支暴气所引起的溶解氧不足。     

几种螯合剂对污染土壤的重金属提取效率的研究

在Cd,Pb污染的土壤上,采用批提取实验(batchexperiment),研究了几种螯合剂和不同的水土比对重金属提取效率的影响。结果表明:螯合剂对Cd的提取效率随着各淋洗剂浓度的提高而逐渐提高,相同浓度下各淋洗剂的提取效率大小顺序依次为EDTA>DTPA>NTA>PA>CA>CD>HCl。随水土比提高,相应的提取效率也提高。几种淋洗剂中只有EDTA对Pb和Cd都能达到理想的淋洗效果。     

粉煤灰改性吸附材料处理沥青烟气

分析了粉煤灰改性后的物质基础 ,采用吸附法 ,利用改性粉煤灰作为吸附剂对沥青烟气进行处理 ,通过实验研究得到一定的运行参数 ,为沥青烟气的处理提供了理论依据     

Laboratory scale studies on removal of chromium from industrial wastes

Chromium being one of the major toxic pollutants is discharged from electroplating and chrome tanning processes and is also found in the effluents of dyes,paint pigments,manufacturing units etc.Chromium exists in aqueous systems in both trivalent(Cr^3 )and hexavalent (Cr^6 )forms.The hexavalent form is carcinogenic and toxic to aquatic life,whereas Cr^3 is however comparatively less toxic.This study was undertaken to investigate the total chromium removal from industial effluents by chemical means in order to achieve the Pakistan NEQS level of 1 mg/L by the methods of reduction and precipitation.The study was conducted in four phase Ⅰ,the optimum pH and cost effective reducing agent among the four popular commercial chemicals was selected.As a result,pH of 2 was found to be most suitable and sodium meta bisulfate was found to be the most cost effective reducing agent respectively.Phase Ⅱ showed that lower dose of sodium meta hisulfate was sufficient to obtain 100% efficiency in reducing Cr^6 to Cr^3 ,and it was noted that reaction time had no significance in the whole process.A design curve for reduction process was established which can act as a tool for treatment of industrial effluents.Phase Ⅲ studies indicated the best pH was 8.5 for precipitation of Cr^3 to chromium hydroxide by using lime.An efficiency of 100% was achievable and a settling time of 30 minutes produced clear effluent.Finally in Phase Ⅳ actual waste samples from chrome tanning and electroplating industries,when precipitated at pH of 12 gave 100% efficiency at a settling time of 30 minutes and confirmed that chemical means of reduction and precipitation is a feasible and viable solution for treating chromium wastes from industries.     

多管旋风除尘器热态除尘效率的影响因素

根据对多管旋风除法器热态除尘效率大量测试实践，讨论了影响多管风除尘器除尘效率的制造质量，整体安装要求、运行管理及锅炉运行等因素，建议在应用推广中应予以重视。     

离心脉冲静电除尘模型的除尘性能实验研究

介绍了一种直筒式离心脉冲静电除尘器，研究了其除尘效率与入口风速，直流基础电压，入口粉尘浓度等操作因素的关系；测定了在不同入口风速，不同供电情况下除尘器的分级效率，结果表明，离心脉冲静电除尘器具有结构简单，阻力损失低，除尘效率高等优点；脉冲供电能显著提高除尘器的分级效率。对粒径小于2μm的粉尘的捕集，入口风速为6.97m/s至12.79m/s时，脉并非中供电与直流供电相比，其分级效率提高10%-23%；与旋风相比，其分级效率提高37%-66%。     

硫酸盐对高浓度黑液二相厌氧处理的影响

用二相ＵＡＳＢ反应器处理碱法草浆黑液，酸化相为８．８７Ｌ的普通升流式反应器，甲烷相为２８．７５Ｌ的ＵＡＳＢ反应器，系统温度３５±１℃。结果表明：当酸化相进水ＣＯＤ５５１３￣９５５ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＳＯ４＾２－８３７０￣１０４１ｍｇ／Ｌ，ｐＨ值为５．５时，二相系统ＣＯＤ去除率为７６．１８％。