一体化污水处理和中水制备装置设计和研究

通过设计和生产规模测试 ,开发了一套一体化污水处理和中水制备的专利装置 ,集射流曝气、接触氧化、斜板沉淀和多格双层过滤于一体 ,可适用于生活污水处理和中水回用 ,出水消毒后可全面达到中水水质标准。同时对射流曝气、生物接触氧化及多格双层滤池的设计及运行中的—些关键问题 ,如氧化池填料及负荷的选用 ,填料上生物膜正常脱落的条件等进行了探讨和研究     

Residuary Toxic Elements And PAHs in Sediments of the Zbiornik Gilow Tailings Pond and Zimmica Stream from Lubin District, Southwest Poland

Eight selected elements (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and Ni) were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) in five samples from the tailings pond (Zbiornik Gilow) and waste water stream (Zimmica) in the Kupferschiefer mining district in Southwest Poland. Waste water from mining and concentration plants was discharged into Zbiornik Gilow pond for 30 years before 1989. Below Zbiornik Gilow the water flows through Zimmica stream, and then discharges into the River Odra. The analytic results indicate that the contamination of As, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb and Zn has spread out over 5km, and the contamination by Ni and Cr extends for 1.5km along the Zimmica stream although the stream has been abandoned since 1989. These elements could still be toxic for plants, animals and humans. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by GC and GC/MS. The results of the sediment samples show a contamination of PAHs only in trace contents.     

基塘系统改良低洼盐碱地环境效应研究

鲁西北地区是黄淮海平原中低产田低洼盐碱地的主要分布区之一，在鲁西北的禹城市具有该类型洼地科方亩，应用基塘系统工程措施，使浅层地下水地表化，解决了洼地季节性积水、蒸发等形成的盐渍化问题，同时洼地池塘养鱼改碱治水，使原来偏微咸碱水质达到适合水产养殖高产稳产的水质条件，改变了洼地原有的自然状况，并且向良性转化。     

Anaerobic digestion of microalgal biomass after ultrasound pretreatment

High rate algal ponds are an economic and sustainable alternative for wastewater treatment, where microalgae and bacteria grow in symbiosis removing organic matter and nutrients. Microalgal biomass produced in these systems can be valorised through anaerobic digestion. However, microalgae anaerobic biodegradability is limited by the complex cell wall structure and therefore a pretreatment step may be required to improve the methane yield. In this study, ultrasound pretreatment at a range of applied specific energy (16–67 MJ/kg TS) was investigated prior to microalgae anaerobic digestion. Experiments showed how organic matter solubilisation (16–100%), hydrolysis rate (25–56%) and methane yield (6–33%) were improved as the pretreatment intensity increased. Mathematical modelling revealed that ultrasonication had a higher effect on the methane yield than on the hydrolysis rate. A preliminary energy assessment indicated that the methane yield increase was not high enough as to compensate the electricity requirement of ultrasonication without biomass dewatering (8% VS).     

炼油废水对凤眼莲根系微型动物种类、数量和生物量的影响

用凤眼莲净化炼油废水,其根系的生物种类很丰富,成为一个亚生态系统,其中微型动物有20种,轮虫3种,线虫、枝角类等4种.优势种群为沟钟虫、转轮虫和盘状鞍甲轮虫,它们各占总量的18.5％、17.5％和34.5％.炼油废水在氧化塘中滞留期越长,根系微型动物种类和数量越多.从废水的进口到出口凤眼莲根系微型动物总的数最呈增加趋势,最高数量为1.91×10~7个/m~2.对照塘除具有自氧作用的裸藻外,水体中几乎无微型动物.废水滞留期的延长对进、出口凤眼莲根系上好氧和兼性好氧微生物数量的影响不大.     

石化企业突发水环境事故防控体系建设探讨

石化行业为环境和安全高风险行业,突发事故往往造成重大经济和环境损失。目前我国石化企业的突发水环境风险防范体系仍很薄弱,应急能力亟待提高。本文阐述了目前我国石化行业水环境风险防控设施存在的问题,并对水环境风险三级防控体系的构建进行了探讨,重点论述了事故应急池建设的必要性、合理性及其属性要求,以期能够有助于石化行业水环境风险防控体系的构建。     

长江沿线尾矿库生态修复监管对策探讨

尾矿库坝体地质安全和生态修复一直受到高度关注。本文结合中央生态环境保护督察和新闻媒体相关报道,以长江经济带为例,梳理了矿山生态环境破坏和修复特别是尾矿库存在的主要问题,并分析了原因:标准储备不足和恢复目标不明,同时提出对策建议:制定尾矿库生态环境监管标准政策、严查尾矿库生态破坏与环境污染问题、建立健全尾矿库生态环境治理长效监管机制。     

高浓度亚麻沤制废水处理及再生回用

沤麻废水是亚麻沤制过程中产生的高浓度有机废水,采用“气浮-氧化沟-稳定塘”组合工艺处理沤麻废水,系统出水指标优于设计标准;同时工程中采用了深度处理工艺,再生水直接回用沤麻,实现了企业内部水资源的良性循环。     

户用沼气池建设对改善农村生态环境效果分析

通过对河南省9个县(市)中9个乡(镇)的非沼气户和沼气户土壤、地表径流和室内空气进行监测,定量对比分析了户用沼气池建设对农村生态环境改善效果。结果显示,沼气户土壤中的速效磷、速效钾、有机质和全氮含量要高于非沼气户,且"四位一体"生态模式沼气户土壤中4种养分含量明显高于"三位一体"生态模式;沼气户地表径流中的COD、NH₃-N、 TP浓度均低于非沼气户;沼气户室内空气中的CO、SO₂、NH₃、PM₁₀浓度均低于非沼气户,且室内空气中的4项污染物浓度随季节变化而不同。这说明户用沼气池建设对于增加土壤养分、减轻农村面源污染、改善农户居住环境、实现节能减排效果显著。     

土霉素残留对模型池塘生态系统代谢的影响

按生态学方法建立和培育模型池塘生态系统,选择符合要求的生态池,设立一个空白对照池和4个不同浓度用药池,用药后定期观测生态池溶解氧(DO)、pH值、初级生产力(P/R)等参数的变化.结果表明,100mg/L用药造成系统不可逆性的破坏;20mg/L和4mg/L浓度的用药对系统参数造成的影响比较短暂,系统参数分别在2wk后和1wk后恢复正常;0.8mg/L用药对系统参数几乎不造成可测定的影响.图3参8