超深厌氧塘的经济分析

本文采用系列设计法，对超深厌氧塘的经济可行性进行了分析研究，建立了费用估算模式并计算出临界地价，为实际应用提供了依据。     

两级曝气生物滤池工艺的小试研究

对两级曝气生物滤池(上向流-下向流)处理生活污水进行了试验研究。试验表明,两级曝气生物滤池在水力负荷小于4m/h,进水COD浓度变化范围为100~500mg/L,一级气水比为3∶1~5∶1,二级气水比为1∶1~2∶1的条件下,出水水质稳定,出水水质达到生活杂用水水质标准。     

微生物制剂对虾池养殖水质理化因子的调控效应

利用微生物技术对养殖虾池的生态环境进行了为期三个月的调控实验,结果表明:养殖前期试验虾池水温、盐度、水色、透明度、pH以及DO、CODMn和BOD5相对稳定,处于正常状态,试验虾池的变化与对照虾池相当;养殖中期,试验虾池水体出现了透明度下降,pH波动较大以及水色、DO、CODMn和BOD5增高的现象,pH、CODMn和BOD5出现超标.试验虾池水体CODMn和BOD5均值比对照虾池均值略低;养殖末期,试验虾池水体CODMn和BOD5有所回落,试验虾池的CODMn和BOD5均值比对照虾池低.研究期间,养殖水源水质理化因子的变化处于稳定正常状态.实验表明,微生物制剂在虾养殖的前期对水质有较好调控效果,对养殖中、后期的水质恶化现象起到一定的改善作用.     

曝气稳定塘处理农村生活污水曝气控制条件研究

通过试验研究曝气稳定塘处理农村生活污水水力停留时间、曝气过程中塘内溶解氧和污泥浓度分布以及不同曝气周期对处理效果影响等问题,以期获得较好的处理效果和经济的能耗.结果表明,本试验曝气稳定塘条件下,4 d为本曝气稳定塘的最佳水力停留时间,间歇运行中曝气时间应该大于15 min,曝气稳定塘中各点在2～10 min内污泥浓度可逐渐达到平稳,各污染物去除效果最好的曝气周期为0.5 h曝气/1.0 h停气.     

屠宰生产废水治理技术应用研究

某禽类屠宰厂年屠宰加工肉鸡3000万只,根据屠宰废水有机物浓度较高,可生化性好的特点,选择了"水解酸化+A/O工艺+接触氧化池"处理工艺。运行结果表明,经该工艺处理后,废水中的COD、BOD5、氨氮等指标均能达标排放,有利于企业的可持续发展。     

中线式尾矿库洪水漫顶溃坝演化规律模拟研究

为了解中线式尾矿库洪水漫顶溃坝的过程和机理,并提出可行的工程措施,以某中线式尾矿库及下游周边环境为研究对象,采用物理模型试验和数值模拟法对中线式与上游式尾矿库安全性进行对比研究。研究结果表明：由于中线式尾矿库外坝坡堆积粗尾砂的渗透系数偏大,其较上游式尾矿库溃口发展的速率更快,溃坝过程持续时间约14.5 h,坝顶被泄流冲刷形成的溃口宽约289 m,尾矿库下游沟道研究范围内尾矿淤积约871万m³,大量的尾矿仍滞留在库内;采用数值模拟得出的演化趋势与物理模型试验基本一致,但数值模拟计算的尾砂流动速度较快;在拦砂坝下游修建应急拦砂坝工程,物理模型试验表明拦滞尾矿洪水时间约38 min,数值模拟结果表明拦滞尾矿洪水时间约16 min,因此应急拦砂坝措施可有效延长应急逃生时间,减轻溃坝对下游居民的影响。     

Greenhouse gas emissions from landfill leachate treatment plants: A comparison of young and aged landfill

With limited assessment, leachate treatment of a specified landfill is considered to be a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In our study, the cumulative GHG emitted from the storage ponds and process configurations that manage fresh or aged landfill leachate were investigated. Our results showed that strong CH₄ emissions were observed from the fresh leachate storage pond, with the fluxes values (2219–26,489 mg C m^?2 h^?1) extremely higher than those of N₂O (0.028–0.41 mg N m^?2 h^?1). In contrast, the emission values for both CH₄ and N₂O were low for the aged leachate tank. N₂O emissions became dominant once the leachate entered the treatment plants of both systems, accounting for 8–12% of the removal of N-species gases. Per capita, the N₂O emission based on both leachate treatment systems was estimated to be 7.99 g N₂O–N capita^?1 yr^?1. An increase of 80% in N₂O emissions was observed when the bioreactor pH decreased by approximately 1 pH unit. The vast majority of carbon was removed in the form of CO₂, with a small portion as CH₄ (<0.3%) during both treatment processes. The cumulative GHG emissions for fresh leachate storage ponds, fresh leachate treatment system and aged leachate treatment system were 19.10, 10.62 and 3.63 Gg CO₂ eq yr^?1, respectively, for a total that could be transformed to 9.09 kg CO₂ eq capita^?1 yr^?1.     

Degradation of terbutryn in sediments and water under various redox conditions

Abstract

A laboratory study was conducted to examine the degradation of terbutryn [2‐(t‐butylamino)‐4‐(ethylamino)‐6‐(methylthio)‐s‐triazine] in sediment and water under different redox conditions. Terbutryn degraded slowly in static aerobic systems (loosely capped flask, 25°C) with half‐lives of 240 and 180 days in pond and river sediment, respectively. Degradation products, identified by co‐chromatography on TLC and HPLC systems, included hydroxy‐terbutryn, terbutryn‐sulfoxide and N‐deethyl terbutryn. Hydroxyterbutryn was the major degradation product in sediments and water representing 60–70% of the extractable radioactivity after 515 days incubation. Under nitrogen aeration in respirometer flasks (redox potential ‐46 to +210 mv) degradation of terbutryn was very slow with half lives greater than 650 days.     

Ecology and seasonal variation of microalgal community in an oil refinery effluent holding pond: monitoring and assessment

The microalgal community as primary producers has to play a significant role in the biotic and abitoic interactions of anyaquatic ecosystem. Whenever a community is exposed to a pollutant, responses can occur because individuals acclimate topollutant caused changes and selection can occur favouring resistant genotypes within a population and selection among species can result in changes in community structure. The microalgal community of industrial effluent treatment systems arecontinuously exposed to pollutants and there is little data available on the structure and seasonal variation of microalgalcommunity of industrial effluent holding ponds, especially of acomplex effluent like that of refinery. The aim of the presentstudy was to investigate the annual variation in the ecology,biomass, productivity and community structure of the algalcommunity of a refinery effluent holding pond. The results ofthe study showed the pond to be a eutrophic system with a resistant microalgal community with distinct seasonal variation in species composition.     

高级综合稳定塘处理养猪场废水

针对大型规模化养猪场污水污染负荷高 ,行业利润水平低的特点 ,采用高级综合稳定塘工艺对广州市某养猪场的废水进行处理。实际运行结果表明 ,在废水CODCr为 1 5 899mg L、BOD5为 1 0 84 0mg L、氨氮为 1 2 83mg L和SS为30 2 4mg L的条件下 ,出水CODCr为 71 5mg L、BOD5为 2 3mg L、氨氮为 6 6 5mg L ,SS为 34mg L ,达到畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准 (GB1 85 96 2 0 0 1 )的要求