活性污泥颗粒化过程中理化性状及脱氮性能的研究

在SBR反应器中对活性污泥进行颗粒化培养,研究了活性污泥在颗粒化过程中的理化性状及脱氮性能.结果表明,活性污泥颗粒化过程可以分为颗粒形成、颗粒生长和颗粒成熟3个阶段.第1阶段SVI值迅速降低,在30 d内由接种时的110mL/g降低到23 mL/g;第2阶段颗粒粒径迅速增加,在15 d内由0.25 mm增加到0.82 ...     

颗粒粒径与数量对硝化与反硝化过程的影响

以实验为基础,建立了一个基于多底物的多种微生物生长、维持和衰减过程的好氧硝化颗粒SBR反应器一维动力学模型,分析了颗粒粒径及数量对硝化、反硝化等过程的影响.研究发现,在相同生物量条件下,氨氮的消耗随颗粒的数量增加而增加,表明氨氮的消耗主要与NH4+-N和颗粒接触表面有关.同时,系统中所产生的NO2--N及NO3--N与颗粒数量和粒径有密切关系,而在NH4+-N不足时才只与数量有关,表明DO对颗粒的渗透决定NO2--N及NO3--N的产生.就反硝化过程而言,当粒径>1 000μm时反硝化会随粒径的增加而加强,而小于该值时,虽然反硝化也会发生但与颗粒粒径关系不大,表明颗粒粒径>1 000μm时粒径对DO的扩散限制才会明显从而加强反硝化过程.     

不完全厌氧—好氧同反应器工艺处理印染废水的研究

不完全厌氧—好氧同反应器工艺是通过时段切换在同一反应器内实现印染废水处理的过程。结果表明,反应器体积为30L,水力停留时间为12h,总COD_(Cr)去除率达85％,总BOD_5达94.3％,总色度为87.5％,处理出水COD_(Cr)为140mg/L,BOD_5为8mg/L,色度为50倍,达到了国家二级排放标准。实验表明,经厌氧时间段后,BOD_5/COD_(Cr)由0.15提高至0.37,色度由400倍降至50倍,为好氧时间段的COD_(Cr)去除和总的处理效果提供了保证。     

HCR工艺在化工废水处理中的应用

HCR反应器具有所需空间少、占地省、设计集成合理、COD降解率高、空气氧利用率高且操作便利安全等优点。在具有高含盐量、高COD值,可生化性差的化工废水处理工程实例中,取得了良好的实效,验证了HCR工艺系统的实用价值及稳定可靠的性能,体现了HCR工艺系统在化工废水处理领域的优势。     

两级常温厌氧—好氧—固定化微生物组合工艺处理酿酒废水

酿酒废水是一种典型的高氨氮浓度的有机废水.采用两级常温厌氧-好氧-固定化微生物组合工艺对酿酒废水进行中试研究,重点考察了各级工艺对有机物和氨氮的去除效果,并且对影响系统稳定运行的主要因素进行分析.试验结果表明,稳定运行状态下,一级厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器对有机物去除率可达到70%～90%,处理效果受环境温度影响较大;二级EGSB反应器可以同时去除有机物和氮氧化物;三级好氧接触氧化反应器对有机物的去除率可达到70%,氨氮去除率维持在50%;包埋硝化菌流化床反应器最终能有效地去除水中的氨氮,出水氨氮质量浓度低于15 mg/L.     

Denitrification of synthetic concentrated nitrate wastes by aerobic granular sludge under anoxic conditions

The aim of the present work was to determine the denitrification potential of aerobic granular sludge for concentrated nitrate wastes. We cultivated mixed microbial granules in a sequencing batch reactor operated at a superficial air velocity of 0.8 cm s⁻¹. The denitrification experiments were performed under anoxic conditions using serum bottles containing synthetic media with 225-2250 mg L⁻¹ NO₃-N. Time required for complete denitrification varied with the initial nitrate concentration and acetate to nitrate-N mass ratio. Complete denitrification of 2250 mg L⁻¹ NO₃-N under anoxic conditions was accomplished in 120 h. Nitrite accumulation was not significant (<5 mg N L⁻¹) at initial NO₃-N concentrations below 677 mg L⁻¹. However, denitrification of higher concentrations of nitrate (?900 mg N L⁻¹) resulted in buildup of nitrite. Nevertheless, nitrite buildups observed in present study were relatively lower compared to that reported in previous studies using flocculent activated sludge. The experimental results suggest that acetate-fed aerobic granular sludge can be quickly adapted to treat high strength nitrate waste and can thus be used as seed biomass for developing high-rate bioreactors for efficient treatment of concentrated nitrate-bearing wastes.     

实际污水培养好氧颗粒污泥及其特性研究

采用实际城市污水在序批式反应器(SBR)中试装置中成功培养出好氧颗粒污泥.颗粒污泥的沉降速率>21 m·h-1,显示了良好的沉降性能.颗粒污泥对化学需氧量(COD)、氮(N)、磷(P)具有同步去除的能力.在3 h的运行周期中,反应器出水COD<50 mg·L-1,氨氮(NH+4-N)<5.0 mg·L-1,总氮(TN)<15 mg·L-1,对TN和总磷(TP)的去除率达到50%.采用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜(CLSM)对好氧颗粒污泥的结构分析表明,好氧颗粒污泥的胞外多聚物(EPS)在整个颗粒污泥中均匀地分布,构成颗粒污泥的骨架.对颗粒污泥的X射线衍射(XRD)分析显示,在好氧颗粒污泥的内部存在许多无机矿物质,在颗粒污泥形成初期,废水中的无机成分可能具有"晶核"的作用.     

一株具有好氧反硝化能力真菌的筛选及脱氮性能研究

利用综合筛选法从河流底泥中筛选出一株具有好氧反硝化能力的真菌,通过18S rDNA测序及形态观察,该菌被鉴定为链格孢属真菌。结果表明:该菌碳源底物利用范围广泛,能够利用多种有机碳源进行生长和反硝化。该菌对氨氮的去除主要通过该菌对氨氮的同化作用,而对亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的去除是同化和反硝化共同作用的结果。当氨氮、亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐同时存在时,该菌优先利用氨氮,但对亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐并无明显的选择性。初始氮浓度和碳氮比对培养基pH和氮素的去除率均有一定的影响。当初始氮浓度和碳氮比合适时,该菌对3种氮素均有很高的去除效率,是一种具有应用前景的除氮菌属。     

Assessment of aerobic biodegradation of lower-chlorinated benzenes in contaminated groundwater using field-derived microcosms and compound-specific carbon isotope fractionation

Biodegradation of lower chlorinated benzenes (tri-, di- and monochlorobenzene) was assessed at a coastal aquifer contaminated with multiple chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons. Field-derived microcosms, established with groundwater from the source zone and amended with a mixture of lower chlorinated benzenes, evidenced biodegradation of monochlorobenzene (MCB) and 1,4-dichlorobenzene (1,4-DCB) in aerobic microcosms, whereas the addition of lactate in anaerobic microcosms did not enhance anaerobic reductive dechlorination. Aerobic microcosms established with groundwater from the plume consumed several doses of MCB and concomitantly degraded the three isomers of dichlorobenzene with no observable inhibitory effect. In the light of these results, we assessed the applicability of compound stable isotope analysis to monitor a potential aerobic remediation treatment of MCB and 1,4-DCB in this site. The carbon isotopic fractionation factors (ε) obtained from field-derived microcosms were -0.7‰ ± 0.1 ‰ and -1.0‰ ± 0.2 ‰ for MCB and 1,4-DCB, respectively. For 1,4-DCB, the carbon isotope fractionation during aerobic biodegradation was reported for the first time. The weak carbon isotope fractionation values for the aerobic pathway would only allow tracing of in situ degradation in aquifer parts with high extent of biodegradation. However, based on the carbon isotope effects measured in this and previous studies, relatively high carbon isotope shifts (i.e., ∆δ¹³C > 4.0 ‰) of MCB or 1,4-DCB in contaminated groundwater would suggest that their biodegradation is controlled by anaerobic reductive dechlorination.     

一株好氧反硝化菌的分离及特性研究

利用富集培养的方法从城镇污水处理厂的活性污泥中分离到1株好氧反硝化菌,命名为CW。通过形态、生理生化特征和16SrRNA基因序列分析,初步鉴定为睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌(Comamonas testosteroni)。生长特性的研究表明最佳碳源是乙酸钠,最佳碳氮比10:1,最佳DO4.0～6.0mg/L,在此条件下培养24h后,对初始浓度108mg/L的硝酸盐降到27mg/L,去除率达到75%,亚硝酸盐积累仅为4mg/L。以组合载体为填料,挂膜后对污水进行处理,HRT48h,DO5.0mg/L左右,氨氮去除率达到95%左右,最终的NO3-N和NO2-N分别由起始的40～52mg/L和21～28mg/L降为--12～15mg/L和7～9mg/L。