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161.
采用序批式活性污泥法(Sequencing Batch Reactor,SBR),通过接种絮状污泥研究逐级改变进水组成(配水与实际生活污水的比例)实现好氧颗粒污泥快速培养,同时考查了好氧颗粒污泥培养过程中颗粒污泥的物理性质及对污染物的去除效果。结果表明:在好氧颗粒污泥培养初期通过添加营养物质并逐渐增加实际生活污水的比例可以实现好氧颗粒污泥的快速培养,与完全用配水培养的好氧颗粒污泥基本相似,且培养出的好氧颗粒污泥结构密实,湿密度为1.046 g/cm3,比重为1.025,平均沉降速度为38.67 m/h,粒径在1 mm左右,颜色为黄褐色;同时培养的颗粒污泥对污染物有较好的处理效果,COD、NH+4-N的去除率分别高达85%、90%。培养初期在实际生活污水中通过添加营养物质能够诱导好氧颗粒污泥形成,实现好氧颗粒污泥的快速培养。 相似文献
162.
Oxygenated volatile organic compounds(OVOCs) emitted from orange wastes during aerobic decomposition were investigated in a laboratory-controlled incubator for a period of two months. Emission of total OVOCs(TOVOCs) from orange wastes reached 1714 mg/dry kg(330 mg/wet kg). Ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, 2-butanone and acetaldehyde were the most abundant OVOC species with shares of 26.9%, 24.8%, 20.3%, 13.9%, 2.8%and 2.5%, respectively, in the TOVOCs released. The emission fluxes of the above top five OVOCs were quite trivial in the beginning but increased sharply to form one "peak emission window" with maximums at days 1–8 until leveling off after 10 days. This type of "peak emission window" was synchronized with the CO2 fluxes and incubation temperature of the orange wastes, indicating that released OVOCs were mainly derived from secondary metabolites of orange substrates through biotic processes rather than abiotic processes or primary volatilization of the inherent pool in oranges. Acetaldehyde instead had emission fluxes decreasing sharply from its initial maximum to nearly zero in about four days,suggesting that it was inherent rather than secondarily formed. For TOVOCs or all OVOC species except 2-butanone and acetone, over 80% of their emissions occurred during the first week, implying that organic wastes might give off a considerable amount of OVOCs during the early disposal period under aerobic conditions. 相似文献
163.
本文研究了好氧颗粒污泥系统中,温度、pH、曝气强度、邻苯二酸(Phthalic Acid,PA)及氨氮(NH3-N)对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(Dimethyl Phthahte,DMP)降解效果的影响,结果表明:好氧颗粒污泥降解DMP的最佳温度、最佳PH值范围、最佳曝气强度分别为25℃~45℃、7.0 ~9.0、1.38 cm/s.当PA浓度为100 mg/L、300 mg/L,PA对DMP降解起促进作用;当PA浓度为500 mg/L、800 mg/L,PA对DMP降解起抑制作用.进水中50 mg/L的氨氮浓度对DMP降解的影响不大.本研究中采用的19种运行工况条件中,除曝气强度为0.33 cm/s以外,其他18种运行工况条件下,当运行时间达到300 min时,DMP的浓度都小于1.0 mg/L,因此,当水力停留时间达到5h以上时,温度、pH、PA、氨氮对DMP降解速率的影响基本上可以忽略不计. 相似文献
164.
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3400-degrading aerobic bacteria were isolated from tap water and wetland sediments and then characterized.
Only one Sphingomonas strain was obtained in enrichment cultures from each inoculum source whereas a total of 15 bacterial strains were isolated
on agar plates. Nine of the 15 isolates were confirmed as PEG 3400 degraders. Three of the 9 PEG 3400 degraders were Gram-negative
bacteria belonging to the genus Pseudomonas and genus Sphingomonas. The remaining six isolates were Gram-positive bacteria belonging to genera Rhodococcus, Williamsia, Mycobacterium and Bacillus. PEG 3400 was quantified at 194 nm spectrophotometrically and, at the same time, the growth of two Gram-negative (isolates
P1 and P7) and five Gram-positive (isolates P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6) PEG 3400-degrading bacteria were assayed in liquid media
and on agar plates amended with PEG 3400, and also on Nutrient Agar plates and pure agar plates without PEG 3400 addition.
No growth was observed on the pure agar plates for all the tested strains for a period of 31 days. All tested PEG 3400 degraders
showed much lower viability in liquid culture than on the corresponding agar plates in the presence of PEG 3400. Two Gram-negative
isolates P1 and P7 did not show significant growth advantage over the Gram-positive isolates both on the agar plates and in
the liquid medium amended with PEG 3400. Our results suggest that diversity of PEG degrading bacteria is high in the environments
and culturing techniques affect the successful isolation of the bacteria responsible for degradation. 相似文献
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167.
过滤—厌氧—好氧工艺处理酒精废水 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
介绍了酒精废水的高效低耗处理工艺,即首先用转鼓滤机去除60%左右的悬浮物并回收作粗饲料;其次,借助原水高温特点,用完全混合式高温厌氧池使废水充分消化;再次,用沉淀池和气浮池实现废水和厌氧污泥的完全分离,使废水的COD降解了92%-94%;最后为好氧处理工段,整个工艺对COD和SS的去除率分别高达99%和99.8%,不仅处理率高,而且能耗很低,还可以回收粗饲料和沼气能源。 相似文献
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170.
好氧颗粒污泥的研究进展 总被引:49,自引:7,他引:42
污泥颗粒化(granulation)是指废水生物处理系统中的微生物在适当的环境条件下,相互聚集形成一种密度较大、体积较大、体质条件较好的微生物聚集体.按照微生物代谢过程中电子受体的不同,颗粒污泥可分为好氧颗粒污泥和厌氧颗粒污泥两类.目前对污泥颗粒化的研究主要集中在两个方面:一方面是从宏观层面探讨颗粒化的形成模式,优化运行参数以达到更好的颗粒化效果;另一方面是从微观层面去研究颗粒化的机理、微生物菌群及其他化学成分在颗粒化过程中所起的作用.本文综述了好氧颗粒污泥近年来的研究进展.主要包括:好氧颗粒污泥的性质(形态及粒径、沉降性能、密度与强度、生物活性、细胞表面疏水性、胞外多聚物等)及结构,颗粒污泥的培养条件、形成机理及影响因素(有机负荷、基质成分、剪切力、沉淀时间、运行周期、进水模式、微生物饥饿期、反应器结构、溶解氧、温度等),以及颗粒污泥的应用(工业废水处理、城市污水处理、有毒污染物降解、脱氮除磷、重金属及放射性核素的去除等).此外,还介绍了全自养颗粒污泥,如硝化颗粒污泥方面的研究.分析表明,随着对好氧颗粒污泥研究的不断深入,将好氧颗粒污泥应用于实际废水处理得到越来越多的关注.好氧颗粒污泥的形成机理、颗粒污泥的微生物特性、颗粒污泥的长期运行稳定性及其工业化应用是今后需要重点关注的研究方向. 相似文献