NBIAS系统中的好氧反硝化

对NBIAS系统氮元素的变化进行跟踪测定，获得系统内各种含氮化合物的变化规律，并进一步核算反应前后系统内总氮的变化规律，证实了NBIAS系统内好氧反硝作用的存在。试验表明，好氧反硝化所脱除的氮占总氮脱除量的30％－40％左右，本文还对其产生机理作了初步探讨。     

集约化蛋鸡场鸡粪混合液资源化无害化处理

本研究采用离心分离法、高温好氧发酵法和中温厌氧发酵对鸡粪混合液进行资源化、无害化综合处理。实验结果:鸡粪回收率53.0%～91.8%;发酵后,鸡粪含水率31%～44%;废水厌氧处理的体积负荷12.14kg·COD_(cr)/m~3·d;产沼比0.52m~3/kg·COD_(cr);甲烷含量>70%。通过综合处理,COD_cr)、BOD_5的总去除率均大于90%。实验表明,本工艺具有投资少、能耗低、费用省和效益比较明显等优点。     

沸腾颗粒层除尘器内应用预荷电技术的试验研究

颗粒层除尘器收尘效率一般可达 96 %以上 ,但在过滤微细尘粒时 ,其净化效率较低。为了提高沸腾颗粒层除尘器对微细尘粒的净化效率 ,在沸腾颗粒层除尘器内施加一外电场 ,使气流中的尘粒在进入过滤层前进行预荷电 ,可促进尘粒凝聚及颗粒层的过滤作用     

一种新型直流旋风分离器

针对普通旋风分离器结构上存在有内旋流和混流区会卷走尘粒而降低分离效率的问题 ,总结了原直流旋风分离器生产设计经验 ,开发设计出了一种新型直流旋风分离器 ,没有普通旋风分离器存在的两个问题 ,而且能克服普通旋风分离器流动路线长的缺陷 ,在同一工作条件下 ,分离粒径比原直流旋风分离器减小了 6～ 8μm。在此介绍了分离机理 ,提出了一套设计计算方法 ,给出了计算实例 ,总结出新型直流旋风分离器的特点及适用场合     

多孔聚合物载体用于好氧流化床处理有机废水的研究

多孔聚合物载体用于好氧流化床处理有机废水的研究@邓洪权$西南科技大学材料科学与工程学院!四川绵阳621002 @蒋琪英$西南科技大学材料科学与工程学院!四川绵阳621002 @何力$四川大学化工学院!四川成都610054~~~~     

厌氧—好氧—吸附处理偶氮染料废水的试验研究

可生化性试验表明，偶氮染料废水对微生物有抑制作用，但该类废水对驯化性污泥并无明显的抑制作用，废水经过流式厌氧污泥床的处理，可去除５０％－６０％的ＣＯＤ，处理系统内形成颗粒污泥，ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤ增加到０．４２厌氧出水经生物接触氧化法，可去除６０％ＣＯＤ，再经吸附，出水ＣＯＤ可降至１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ以下，达到废水排放标准。     

利用农作物秸秆生产生物质“颗粒”燃料

利用农业的废弃物及各类秸秆或杂草，经粉碎、蒸汽搅拌，在一定的温度下进行挤压（压缩）、干燥等工序，制成生物质“颗粒”燃料，替代煤、石油等不可再生燃料，具有良好的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益。     

蒙脱石颗粒吸附剂的制备

利用PVA为包埋剂、硼酸溶液为交联剂制备蒙脱石颗粒吸附剂,确定了适宜的包埋条件,即PVA浓度为10%、海藻酸钠浓度为0.2%、包埋量为1:1和交联时间为24 h。在该条件下制备的颗粒吸附剂,强度较大,对低浓度氨氮废水去除效果好于粉末状蒙脱石吸附剂,为粉末状吸附剂提供一种新型有效的成型方法。     

Effect of ultrasonication and Fenton oxidation on biodegradation of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in wastewater sludge

The presence of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and its metabolites, i.e. 2-ethylhexanol, 2-ethylhexanal, and 2-ethylhexanoic acid in wastewater sludge (WWS) were investigated during aerobic digestion and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-based fermentation of WWS. Ultrasonication and Fenton oxidation pre-treatment was applied to improve biodegradability of WWS and bioavailability of the target compounds for digestion and fermentation. DEHP and 2-ethylhexanoic acid were observed at higher concentration, meanwhile 2-ethylhexanol and 2-ethylhexanal were observed at lower concentration in WWS. After 20-day aerobic digestion, DEHP removal was 72%, 89%, and 85%, and 2-ethylhexanoic acid removal was 71%, 84%, 79%, respectively for raw, ultrasonicated, and Fenton-oxidized sludges. Bt was found to degrade DEHP, leading to DEHP removal of 21%, 40%, and 30%, respectively for raw, ultrasonicated, and Fenton-oxidized sludges in the fermentation. The results suggested that aerobic stabilization and Bt-based fermentation can remove the phthalates, and pre-treatment of WWS was also effective in improvement of DEHP biodegradation. Hence, Bt-based biopesticide production from WWS can be applied safely when taking into consideration the phthalate contaminants.     

Field and laboratory studies of the fate and enantiomeric enrichment of venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

The stereoselectivity of R,S-venlafaxine and its metabolites R,S-O-desmethylvenlafaxine, N-desmethylvenlafaxine, O,N-didesmethylvenlafaxine, N,N-didesmethylvenlafaxine and tridesmethylvenlafaxine was studied in three processes: (i) anaerobic and aerobic laboratory scale tests; (ii) six wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) operating under different conditions; and (iii) a variety of wastewater treatments including conventional activated sludge, natural attenuation along a receiving river stream and storage in operational and seasonal reservoirs. In the laboratory and field studies, the degradation of the venlafaxine yielded O-desmethylvenalfaxine as the dominant metabolite under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Venlafaxine was almost exclusively converted to O-desmethylvenlafaxine under anaerobic conditions, but only a fraction of the drug was transformed to O-desmethylvenlafaxine under aerobic conditions. Degradation of venlafaxine involved only small stereoisomeric selectivity. In contrast, the degradation of O-desmethylvenlafaxine yielded remarkable S to R enrichment under aerobic conditions but none under anaerobic conditions. Determination of venlafaxine and its metabolites in the WWTPs agreed well with the stereoselectivity observed in the laboratory studies. Our results suggest that the levels of the drug and its metabolites and the stereoisomeric enrichment of the metabolite and its parent drug can be used for source tracking and for discrimination between domestic and nondomestic wastewater pollution. This was indeed demonstrated in the investigations carried out at the Jerusalem WWTP.