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排序方式: 共有213条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
21.
Guanyu Jiang Can Wang Lu Song Xing Wang Yangyang Zhou Chunnan Fei He Liu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(3):46
22.
Davinder Pal Singh Jasvirinder Singh Khattar Kanwaldeep Kaur Baljinder Singh Sandhu Yadvinder Singh 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(7):1304-1318
This study deals with the toxicological impact of the herbicide anilofos on photosynthesis, respiration, nitrogen assimilation, and antioxidant system in a diazotrophic rice field cyanobacterium Anabaena torulosa. Treatment of anilofos (1.25, 2.5, and 5?mg?L?1) affected growth, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis, and respiration of the cyanobacterium. Although all the photosynthetic pigments were affected, a maximum effect of the herbicide was observed on phycocyanin (51% reduction) followed by the carotenoids. The effect of the herbicide on photosynthetic pigments resulted in 57% decrease in photosynthetic O2 evolution. Studies on the photochemical activity demonstrated that both photosystems (PS I and PS II) were affected by the herbicide. Decrease in the photosynthesis rate resulted in decreased nitrogen assimilation, as revealed by reduced nitrate (20%) and ammonium (26%) uptake and decreased activities of nitrogenase (63% decrease) and glutamine synthetase (22% decrease). This ultimately resulted in the reduced growth of the organism. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase in the presence of anilofos increased by 1.8–3.5 times over control cultures. Proline content increased by 1.6 times, while the content of ascorbate decreased slightly. These results indicate that the organism was able to tolerate the herbicide stress by activating oxidative stress defense mechanism. 相似文献
23.
为了指导高CO2浓度条件下甘蓝型油菜Brassica napus L.合理施氮、创建油菜高产高效以及进一步探明油菜氮代谢的调节机制提供理论依据,本研究采用微区试验,研究2个油菜品种(沪油15-33号和742-2)在2个CO2浓度水平(自然CO2摩尔分数400μmol·mol-1和高CO2摩尔分数(800±20)μmol·mol-1)和2个氮素水平(施氮与不施氮)条件下,氮素同化酶(NR和GS)活性和可溶性蛋白含量的变化,以及油菜地上部干物质量和氮素累积量的响应。试验结果表明,高CO2浓度会提高NR和GS活性;在氮素处理的影响方面,NR活性的变化与油菜的品种和生育时期不同有关:在高CO2浓度条件下,品种A在各时期的施氮处理的酶活性高于不施氮处理;品种B只在抽薹期的施氮处理低于不施氮处理,其他时期则升高;对于GS酶活性,在自然CO2浓度条件下施氮会提高GS酶活性,高CO2浓度条件下施氮则降低其活性(苗期除外)。CO2浓度升高会降低叶片中可溶性蛋白含量(盛花期除外);在正常CO2浓度下,增施氮肥会提高叶片中可溶性蛋白含量,而在高CO2浓度下,增施氮肥会降低叶片中可溶性蛋白含量。CO2浓度升高和增施氮肥都会提高油菜地上部干物质量与氮素累积量,油菜干物质量与氮素累积量总体上与上述测定指标呈极显著相关。 相似文献
24.
重金属污染物在生物体内的累积、迁移和传递已成为当今的研究热点。土壤弹尾目昆虫作为土壤生态系统的重要组成部分,针对其对重金属的吸收、积累和排泄的动态过程以及相应解毒机制的研究意义重大。本研究通过弹尾目跳虫(Folsomia candida)对Cu的吸收-排泄效率实验发现,跳虫体内Cu含量随暴露时间的延长而显著增加(r~2=0.8878,F_(1,5)=29.59,P<0.01);跳虫体内Cu含量随排泄时间的延长而明显逐渐降低(r~2=0.7836,F_(1,3)=7.13,P<0.01)。跳虫对Cu的吸收-排泄Budget实验表明,只有少量的Cu被跳虫摄取到体内,其中小部分被体内组织消化吸收,大部分则可能通过中肠细胞的褪皮作用和产卵等方式排出体外。可见,褪皮和排卵是跳虫排泄重金属Cu的重要途径,跳虫对Cu具有较低的吸收率(8.13%)和较高的排泄率(57.3%),表明跳虫对Cu可能有较高的耐受性。 相似文献
25.
Litao Wang Joshua S. Fu Wei Wei Zhe Wei Chenchen Meng Simeng Ma Jiandong Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2018,12(3):13
26.
再生水与天然地下水水质存在差异,利用再生水生态补给河道区可能会带来环境风险.引温济潮工程已运行10余年,为研究再生水长期河道入渗下不同位置地下水氮组分的演化特征与机制,收集近11年的地表水与地下水监测资料.采用聚类分析将地表水划分为不同区域后选择典型地下水监测点分析氮组分的演化差异,并利用Cl-计算混合比得出地下水中目标成分的计算浓度,初步推测地表水入渗后发生的氮转化,并选取DO、TOC、底泥、水文地质条件等环境指标分析证明.结果表明:①地表水明显分为3组,包括减河、土坝以北潮白河段、土坝以南潮白河段,各组间指标存在显著差异,影响水质差异的主要因素为再生水的氮、磷含量及水体流态.②再生水入渗过程中,包气带或黏土层较厚有利于氮的去除,减河和土坝以北潮白河段地表水中的NO3--N流经包气带时通过反硝化与同化作用衰减,NH4+-N通过吸附与硝化作用得以去除,入渗后未引起地下水中的氮浓度明显增加.③而土坝以南潮白河段,河道补水后翌年地下水位抬升并趋于稳定,长期地表水入渗使底泥的氮和有机质含量升高,使得该断面于2013年后达到适宜的碳氮比而发生有机氮矿化作用,由于包气带较薄,生成的NH4+-N较少吸附于土壤介质中,易随水流入渗而引起地下水中ρ(NH4+-N)升高.研究显示,再生水入渗过程中,包气带或黏土层较厚可有效去除氮组分,但部分地区包气带较薄且发生有机氮矿化作用会增加地下水的氮污染风险. 相似文献
27.
植被覆盖度与沙尘暴形成条件分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以归一化差值植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI)为指标分析了我国1981年到1998年期间植被覆盖变化情况,给出了植被急剧减少产生新沙源的实例。通过对1998年4月强沙尘暴的分析,指出影响沙尘暴产生和运移的因素除了地形、风速、风向、大气稳定度外,当地植被覆盖和土壤因素也是关键因素之一。并通过对植被覆盖度(NDVI)与浮尘指数(Aerosol Index)进行定量分析,发现二者之间存在明显的负相关关系,表明植被的存在可以从一定程度上抑制浮尘现象的产生。因此,在沙尘运移路径上,采取封山封荒,植树种草,增加植被覆盖度以固结当地土壤和泥沙的措施,可以在一定程度上抑制沙尘暴灾害的发生。 相似文献
28.
Huanbo Wang Leiming Zhang Irene Cheng Xiaohong Yao Ewa Dabek-Zlotorzynska 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(5):1-11
To evaluate the effectiveness of emission control regulations designed for reducing air pollution, chemically resolved PM2.5 data have been collected across Canada through the National Air Pollution Surveillance network in the past decade. 24-hr time integrated PM2.5 collected at seven urban and two rural sites during 2010-2016 were analyzed to characterize geographical and seasonal patterns and associated potential causes. Site-specific seven-year mean gravimetric PM2.5 mass concentrations ranged from 5.7 to 9.6 µg/m3. Seven-year mean concentrations of SO42?, NO3?, NH4+, organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) were in the range of 0.68 to 1.6, 0.21 to 1.5, 0.27 to 0.71, 1.1 to 1.9, and 0.37 to 0.71 µg /m3, accounting for 10.8%-18.1%, 3.7%-16.7%, 4.7%-7.4%, 18.4%-21.0%, and 6.4%-10.6%, respectively, of gravimetric PM2.5 mass. PM2.5 and its five major chemical components showed higher concentrations in southeastern Canada and lower values in Atlantic Canada, with the seven-year mean ratios between the two regions being on the order of 1.7 for PM2.5 and 1.8-7.1 for its chemical components. When comparing the concentrations between urban and rural sites within the same region, those of SO42? and NH4+ were comparable, while those of NO3?, OC, and EC were around 20%, 40%-50%, and 70%-80%, respectively, higher at urban than rural sites, indicating the regional scale impacts of SO42? and NH4+ and effects of local sources on OC and EC. Monthly variations generally showed summertime peaks for SO42? and wintertime peaks for NO3?, but those of NH4+, OC, and EC exhibited different seasonality at different locations. 相似文献
29.
Stringent quarantine measures during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown period (January 23, 2020 to March 15, 2020) have resulted in a distinct decrease in anthropogenic source emissions in North China Plain compared to the paralleled period of 2019. Particularly, 22.7% decrease in NO2 and 3.0% increase of O3 was observed in Tianjin, nonlinear relationship between O3 generation and NO2 implied that synergetic control of NOx and VOCs is needed. Deteriorating meteorological condition during the COVID-19 lockdown obscured the actual PM2.5 reduction. Fireworks transport in 2020 Spring Festival (SF) triggered regional haze pollution. PM2.5 during the COVID-19 lockdown only reduced by 5.6% in Tianjin. Here we used the dispersion coefficient to normalize the measured PM2.5 (DN-PM2.5), aiming to eliminate the adverse meteorological impact and roughly estimate the actual PM2.5 reduction, which reduced by 17.7% during the COVID-19 lockdown. In terms of PM2.5 chemical composition, significant NO3? increase was observed during the COVID-19 lockdown. However, as a tracer of atmospheric oxidation capacity, odd oxygen (Ox = NO2 + O3) was observed to reduce during the COVID-19 lockdown, whereas relative humidity (RH), specific humidity and aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) were observed with noticeable enhancement. Nitrogen oxidation rate (NOR) was observed to increase at higher specific humidity and ALWC, especially in the haze episode occurred during 2020SF, high air humidity and obvious nitrate generation was observed. Anomalously enhanced air humidity may response for the nitrate increase during the COVID-19 lockdown period. 相似文献
30.
Bushra Khali Ayesha Khali Sidra Muslim Ammara Habi Kishwar Khan Debora Souza Alvim Sehrish Shakoor Sonia Mustaf Sana Zaheer Momel Zoon Azmat Hayat Khan Sana Ilyas Bin Chen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(1):28-39
This study finds out seasonal and monthly variations in Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) over eastern and western routes of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and the relationship between AOD and meteorological parameters (i.e., temperature, rainfall and wind speed). The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) data was used from the terra satellite for the period of 2000-2016. This study aims to overtake the conventional view of the purpose of using the satellite datasets. This study takes on to the concept that validated satellite data sets rather should be used for the analysis instead of just validation specifically for our study region. Hence, after comparing MODIS AOD with MISR AOD, only MISR AOD dataset is used for further analysis. The results show a decreasing trend of AOD in summer season, a positive relationship between temperature and AOD during winter and spring seasons whereas a positive relationship between wind speed and AOD in winter and spring seasons over eastern and western routes. Periodic analysis of MODIS AOD and MISR AOD depicts May-Aug as the peak period of aerosol concentration over central Pakistan. The inter-annual analysis shows the aerosol trend remained higher during summer season however rainfall shows the washout effect. Eastern route has higher standard deviation and larger values for aerosol prevalence as compared to western route. The trajectory analysis using the HYSPLIT model suggests the bias of air mass trajectory caused deviation in the aerosol trend in the year 2014. 相似文献