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排序方式: 共有338条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
251.
Irina Herzon Johan Ekroos Jukka RintalaJuha Tiainen Tuomas SeimolaVille Vepsäläinen 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2011,143(1):3-7
The set-aside obligation under the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) brought widespread benefits for wild farmland species. Shortly after it was abolished in 2008, the national political process in Finland replaced it with a targeted agri-environment scheme for environmental fallow. Though potentially highly valuable, the value of the current scheme for securing biodiversity is yet to be confirmed. This study evaluates the importance of set-asides established under CAP to all birds of open farmland based on national monitoring data from 2001 to 2006. The set-aside fields supported 25-40% more species and held 60-105% more pairs of birds typical of open farmland in comparison with cereal fields within a similar landscape setting. The estimated effect of set-aside presence in farmland on the studied bird species is large enough to trigger considerable changes in bird populations on the national scale. The relevance of the results to the novel agri-environment scheme is discussed. 相似文献
252.
通过对"十一五"期间齐齐哈尔市辖区无公害农产品产地环境的监测、评价和分析,提出了齐齐哈尔市辖区公害农产品产地环境的对策。 相似文献
253.
David J.T. Douglas Juliet A. Vickery Tim G. Benton 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2010,135(1-2):127-131
Managing arthropod populations on farmland for conservation purposes, such as food resources for declining farmland birds, requires information on the way distributions vary between crop types, for example under varying sowing regimes. In this study arthropods were sampled during one summer from fields of winter-sown and spring-sown barley. The relative timing of crop development had a strong influence on arthropod abundance between crop types, with winter barley supporting significantly higher abundance of total counts and many individual orders in early summer, but the reverse being the case in late summer. Fields of both crop types that received higher herbicide inputs showed reduced arthropod counts. 相似文献
254.
Olivier Hatem Sander Kamel Frank Jacques-Eric Jacques Thomas Johanna Alkan Delphine Martin 《Environmental Science & Policy》2009,12(5):619-630
Scenario-based approaches in environmental and policy assessment studies are increasingly applied within integrated assessment and modelling frameworks. The SEAMLESS project develops such an integrated framework (SEAMLESS-IF) aiming to assess, ex-ante, impacts of alternative agro-environmental policies on the sustainability of agricultural systems. A particular challenge in this context is the consistent translation of a wide range of policy questions into scenarios that a modelling framework can assess. The present work defines a methodology for scenario-development in integrated policy assessment with specific emphasis on SEAMLESS-IF. After a general overview on scenario concepts for integrated policy assessment the adopted scenario concept and its development procedure is presented. They allow building integrated scenarios capturing the range of drivers of the assessed agricultural system in a consistent way across temporal and spatial scales. Then focus is on the particular procedures to translate the policy assessment questions into scenario parameters and to implement these parameters into SEAMLESS-IF. Two examples targeted at European and regional level combining integrated assessments of policy changes and technological innovations are considered to illustrate the SEAMLESS scenario concept. We conclude that the proposed methodology to translate policy assessment problems into scenarios effectively supports integrated assessment in SEAMLESS-IF or even in other modelling frameworks. 相似文献
255.
国外最佳管理措施在农业非点源污染防治中的应用 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
概述了国外最佳管理措施(BMPs)在农业非点源污染防治中的应用现状,工程措施有人工湿地、植被缓冲区和水陆交错带;管理措施有测土施肥、变量施肥、免耕-少耕法和生物篱等,以及它们所取得的成果,并展望其在国外和国内的发展趋势和前景. 相似文献
256.
257.
D. Briassoulis 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2006,14(3):289-307
The overall mechanical behaviour of a series of experimental Mater-Bi made thin low-tunnel films is analysed with respect to the effect of two major factors: the film processing optimisation during manufacturing and the design of the low-tunnels structural system. The analysis of the mechanical behaviour of the biodegradable low-tunnel films, based on the results of extensive full-scale and small-scale experiments, combined with laboratory testing of the mechanical properties of the film, proves that a rather good mechanical behaviour is possible for these films, comparable to the behaviour of conventional agricultural films in terms of strength, provided that two criteria are met: (a) the low tunnel structural design is based on the initial stress at yield value of the film, which represents the asymptotic value of the tensile strength of the film, following its evolution with the time of exposure to real field conditions; (b) the processing of the film is optimised for the particular biodegradable material and film thickness under consideration. It is also confirmed that the stabilisation schemes used with conventional polyethylene films are not suitable for the biodegradable films.
相似文献
D. BriassoulisEmail: Phone: +30-210-529-4011Fax: +30-210-529-4023 |
258.
The pollution caused by agricultural production poses a threat to the ecological integrity of river ecosystems, altering the structure and function of river ecosystems. Differences in microbial community structure provide useful information about the impact of agricultural pollution on the biological integrity of ecosystems, but generally convey little information regarding ecosystem functions. In this study, using Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology based on the 16S rRNA gene, river sediment samples associated with four different types of agricultural pollution were comprehensively analyzed. The results show that the total organic carbon (TOC) content was highest at the YZS site (animal husbandry sewage) among the assayed sites, but the species richness and uniformity were lowest at this site, which may have been caused by the high nutrient source of the sewage. Furthermore, in the three YZS samples affected by the long-term discharge of aquaculture tail-water, the unique genus Dechloromonas and the genus Candidatus-Competitor were observed, which are strongly correlated with phosphorus conversion. The formation of network modules may correspond to the coexistence of functional bacteria accustomed to multiple niche combinations under different agricultural pollution conditions in river sediments. According to the PICRUSt functional prediction, the bacterial community in the agricultural polluted river sediment primarily harbored 46 subfunctions, exhibiting richness of functions. Overall, our results provide a more comprehensive understanding of the structure and ecological processes associated with the aggregation of bacterial communities, which is beneficial for the management of river environments. 相似文献
259.
260.
Rising human demand and climatic variability have created greater uncertainty regarding global food trade and its effects on the food security of nations. To reduce reliance on imported food, many countries have focused on increasing their domestic food production in recent years. With clear goals for the complete self-sufficiency of rice production, Sri Lanka provides an ideal case study for examining the projected growth in domestic rice supply, how this compares to future national demand, and what the associated impacts from water and fertilizer demands may be. Using national rice statistics and estimates of intensification, this study finds that improvements in rice production can feed 25.3 million Sri Lankans (compared to a projected population of 23.8 million people) by 2050. However, to achieve this growth, consumptive water use and nitrogen fertilizer application may need to increase by as much as 69 and 23 %, respectively. This assessment demonstrates that targets for maintaining self-sufficiency should better incorporate avenues for improving resource use efficiency.