全文获取类型
收费全文 | 286篇 |
免费 | 6篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 8篇 |
废物处理 | 5篇 |
环保管理 | 96篇 |
综合类 | 72篇 |
基础理论 | 20篇 |
污染及防治 | 52篇 |
评价与监测 | 23篇 |
社会与环境 | 6篇 |
灾害及防治 | 23篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 11篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 4篇 |
2018年 | 5篇 |
2017年 | 9篇 |
2016年 | 4篇 |
2015年 | 9篇 |
2014年 | 7篇 |
2013年 | 23篇 |
2012年 | 10篇 |
2011年 | 20篇 |
2010年 | 9篇 |
2009年 | 25篇 |
2008年 | 23篇 |
2007年 | 17篇 |
2006年 | 13篇 |
2005年 | 6篇 |
2004年 | 10篇 |
2003年 | 13篇 |
2002年 | 9篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 7篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有305条查询结果,搜索用时 359 毫秒
141.
安全高效、资源节约、环境友好型的生态农业生产技术,已成为国际农业领域研究和关注的热点;发展高效生态(有机)农业,以新的强度和效能为长三角和我国现代化农业发展作贡献,是上海社会主义新农村建设的重大战略,是上海现代农业发展的必由之路。荷兰生态(有机)农业发展提供了以下成功经验:以生态学原理指导农业生产,实现生产生态共荣;在农产品生产中应用HACCP理论,加强农业生产的过程控制和质量管理;通过制定良好农业技术规范(Eurep-GAP),保障农业的可持续发展,保护生态环境。上海发展高效生态(有机)农业的对策建议:加强政策扶持,深化有机农业理论和技术研究,建立和规范与国际接轨的认证体系,以生态学的原理和原则指导农业生产和技术的发展。 相似文献
142.
Birgit Reger Patrick Sheridan Dietmar Simmering Annette Otte Rainer Waldhardt 《Environmental management》2009,43(6):1026-1038
Farmland habitat diversity in marginal European landscapes changed significantly in the past decades. Further changes toward
homogenization are expected, particularly in the course of European agricultural policy. Based on three alternative transfer
payment schemes, we modeled spatially explicit potential effects on the farmland habitat diversity in a marginal European
landscape. We defined (1) a scenario with direct transfer payments coupled to production, (2) a scenario with direct transfer
payments decoupled from production, and (3) a scenario phasing out all direct transfer payments. We characterized habitat
diversity with three indices: habitat richness, evenness, and rarity. The habitat pattern in 1995 served as reference for
comparison. All scenarios predicted a general trend of homogenization of the farmland habitat pattern, yet to a differing
extent. Transfer payments coupled to production (Scenario 1) favored the abandonment of agricultural production, particularly
in low-productive areas and arable land use in more productive areas. Habitat richness and habitat evenness had intermediate
values in this scenario. Decoupling transfer payments from production (Scenario 2) supported grassland as most profitable
farming system. This led to a grassland-dominated landscape with low values of all habitat diversity indices. Phasing out
transfer payments (Scenario 3) resulted in complete abandonment or afforestation of agricultural land and extremely low values
in all habitat diversity indices. Scenario results indicate that transfer payments may prevent cessation of agricultural production,
but may not counteract homogenization in marginal landscapes. Conserving high farmland habitat diversity in such landscapes
may require support schemes, e.g., Pillar Two of EU Common Agricultural Policy. 相似文献
143.
Weiguo Zhang Jiangye Li Chengcheng Wang Xue Zhou Yan Gao Zhongjun Jia 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(5):264-272
Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is an important source of carbon in aquatic ecosystems, especially under conditions of increased frequency of cyanobacterial bloom. However, the importance of bacteria in direct or indirect utilization of DIC has been widely overlooked in eutrophic freshwater. To identify the functional bacteria that can actively utilize DIC in eutrophic freshwater during cyanobacterial bloom, stable-isotope probing (SIP) experiments were conducted on eutrophic river water with or without inoculation with cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa). Our 16S rRNA sequencing results revealed the significance of Betaproteobacteria, with similar relative abundance as Alphaproteobacteria, in the active assimilation of H13CO3? into their DNA directly or indirectly, which include autotrophic genera Betaproteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Other bacterial groups containing autotrophic members, e.g. Planctomycetes and Nitrospira, also presented higher abundance among free-living bacteria in water without cyanobacteria. Microcystis aggregates showed a preference for some specific bacterial members that may utilize H13CO3? metabolized by Microcystis as organic matter, e.g. Bacteroidetes (Cytophagales, Sphingobacteriales), and microcystin-degrading bacteria Betaproteobacteria (Paucibacter/Burkholderiaceae). This study provides some valuable information regarding the functional bacteria that can actively utilize DIC in eutrophic freshwater. 相似文献
144.
Laura Torrent Eva Marguí Ignasi Queralt Manuela Hidalgo Mònica Iglesias 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(9):205-216
The production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has increased tremendously during recent years due to their antibacterial and physicochemical properties. As a consequence, these particles are released inevitably into the environment, with soil being the main sink of disposal. Soil interactions have an effect on AgNP mobility, transport and bioavailability. To understand AgNP adsorption processes, lab-controlled kinetic studies were performed. Batch tests performed with five different Mediterranean agricultural soils showed that cation exchange capacity and electrical conductivity are the main parameters controlling the adsorption processes. The adsorption kinetics of different sized (40, 75, 100 and 200?nm) and coated (citrate, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethyleneglycol (PEG)) AgNPs indicated that these nanoparticle properties have also an effect on the adsorption processes. To assess the mobility and bioavailability of AgNPs and to determine if their form is maintained during adsorption/desorption processes, loaded soils were submitted to leaching tests three weeks after batch adsorption studies. The DIN 38414-S4 extraction method indicated that AgNPs were strongly retained on soils, and single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry confirmed that silver particles maintained their nanoform, except for 100?nm PEG-AgNPs and 40?nm citrate-coated AgNPs. The DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) leaching test was more effective in extracting silver, but there was no presence of AgNPs in almost all of these leachates. 相似文献
145.
旱情评定与灾情指标之探讨 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
旱灾统计的标准不一致,以及灾情数据中存在人的主观意识,降低了灾情数据的可信度。为了能够较科学地评估和检验农业干旱,本文提出了水平衡干旱模拟模型。该方法指标评定旱级时综合考虑气候-土壤-植物体系和各时段旱象对整个作物旱情的影响程度。通过实际应用其计算结果符合各地情况。 相似文献
146.
Scenarios of global bioenergy production: The trade-offs between agricultural expansion, intensification and trade 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hermann Lotze-Campen Alexander Popp Tim Beringer Christoph Müller Alberte Bondeau Stefanie Rost Wolfgang Lucht 《Ecological modelling》2010,221(18):2188-2196
Increased future demands for food, fibre and fuels from biomass can only be met if the available land and water resources on a global scale are used and managed as efficiently as possible. The main routes for making the global agricultural system more productive are through intensification and technological change on currently used agricultural land, land expansion into currently non-agricultural areas, and international trade in agricultural commodities and processed goods. In order to analyse the trade-offs and synergies between these options, we present a global bio-economic modelling approach with a special focus on spatially explicit land and water constraints as well as technological change in agricultural production. For a global bioenergy demand scenario reaching 100 ExaJoule (EJ) until 2055 we derive a required rate of productivity increase on agricultural land between 1.2 and 1.4 percent per year under different land allocation options. A very high pressure for yield increase occurs in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East, even without additional bioenergy demand. Moreover, we analyse the implicit values (shadow prices) of limited water resources. The shadow prices for bioenergy are provided as a metric for assessing the trade-offs between different land allocation options and as a link between the agricultural and energy sector. 相似文献
147.
Potential environmental effects of the discharge of industrial wastewater from manufacturing of bleached straw pulp have been studied. Bleached neutral sulphite straw pulping results in discharges of both black cooking and spent bleaching liquors. Time proportional samples were taken from the combined bleaching effluent and the combined mill effluent, (i) Mutagenic activity of the two samples in an Ames’ test, and (ii) acute toxicity of the combined mill effluent sample towards the photosynthetic activity of natural marine phytoplankton from the receiving waters were determined. Also, acute toxicity was determined of the slowly biodegradable or persistent organics remaining after aerobic stabilization of the sample towards (ii) photosynthetic activity of natural phytoplankton, (iii) mussels (Mytilus edulis), (iv) eels (Anguilla anguilla) and, (v) crustacean (Nitocra spinipes); and furthermore, (vi) reproduction test of the crustacean and (vii) growth inhibition test of the marine diatom (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) were performed. Mutagenicity emission factors (MEF's) and toxicity emission factors (TEF's) were calculated to classify the effluents. Combined mill effluent sample showed a mutagenic activity per t90 of one fourth the activity of a kraft pulp bleaching effluent, and the inhibition of the photosynthesis of natural phytoplankton was significant up to 2600 times dilution. After aerobic stabilization, inhibition was observed up to 400 times dilution. Other effects of the combined mill effluent sample were only significant below 40 times dilution. The bleaching effluent showed a mutagenic activity per t90 comparable to kraft bleaching effluents. Other effects were only significant below 20 times dilution. 相似文献
148.
Potential of the Conservation Reserve Program to control agricultural surface water pollution 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Christopher L. Lant 《Environmental management》1991,15(4):507-518
The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), initiated by the Conservation Title of the Food Security Act of 1985, is the primary
federal program to control nonpointsource pollution in agricultural watersheds of the United States. However, the program
is designed primarily to reduce soil erosion rather than to retire croplands in a manner optimal for controlling runoff of
sediment and associated pollutants. This study estimates potential enrollment of streamside and floodplain croplands in this
ten-year retirement program in order to gauge the potential of the CRP as a water-quality improvement policy. A contingent
choice survey design was employed in Fayette County, Illinois, to demonstrate that there is substantial potential for retirement
of streamside and floodplain croplands in the CRP. Enrollments in each program climb from less than 6% to over 83% of eligible
croplands as the annual rental rate is increased from $20 to $200/acre. Potential retirement of streamside and floodplain
croplands declines, however, if tree planting, drainage removal, or a 20-year contract are required. The potential of a CRP-based
water-quality program to improve water quality and aquatic ecosystems in agricultural watersheds is thus substantial but constrained
by the economic trade-offs that farmers make between crop production and conservation incentives in determining the use of
their riparian lands. 相似文献
149.
150.
Many of todays agricultural landscapes once held vast amounts of wetland habitat for waterbirds and other wildlife. Successful restoration of these landscapes relies on access to accurate maps of the wetlands that remain. We used C-band (5.6-cm-wavelength), HH-polarized radar remote sensing (RADARSAT) at a 38° incidence angle (8-m resolution) to map the distribution of winter shorebird (Charadriiformes) habitat on agricultural lands in the Willamette Valley of western Oregon. We acquired imagery on three dates (10 December 1999, 27 January 2000, and 15 March 2000) and simultaneously collected ground reference data to classify radar signatures and evaluate map accuracy of four habitat classes: (1) wet with 50% vegetation (considered optimal shorebird habitat), (2) wet with > 50% vegetation, (3) dry with 50% vegetation, and (4) dry with > 50% vegetation. Overall accuracy varied from 45 to 60% among the three images, but the accuracy of focal class 1 was greater, ranging from 72 to 80%. Class 4 coverage was stable and dominated maps (40% of mapped study area) for all three dates, while class 3 coverage decreased slightly throughout the study period. Among wet classes, class 1 was most abundant (30% coverage) in December and January, decreasing in March by 15%. Conversely, class 2 increased dramatically from January to March, likely due to transition from class 1 as vegetation grew. This approach was successful in detecting optimal habitat for shorebirds on agricultural lands. For modest classification schemes, radar remote sensing is a valuable option for wetland mapping in areas where cloud cover is persistent.
Also, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA 相似文献