中国有色金属行业绿色发展和技术转型

我国有色金属行业发展迅速,铜、铝、铅、锌等10种有色金属产量占世界的40%以上。我国有色金属行业在资源节约、环境友好型产业的方针指导下,不断推动主体工艺技术进步,技术装备水平进入世界先进行列,重金属污染物防治、废物综合利用取得新进展,清洁生产取得显著成果,末端技术取得新突破。目前有色金属行业环境污染压力依然很大,需切实转变发展方式,继续走绿色发展之路。     

日本地下水污染防治经验及其启示

日本持续开展了20多年的地下水污染调查评估工作,在地下水污染防治领域已属于国际领先水平。通过总结日本在地下水污染防治相关法律法规体系构建、地下水环境调查评估、地下水污染修复技术研究、地下水污染整治资金筹措等方面的先进经验,提出了我国在地下水环境保护方面的相关对策和建议。     

农用地土壤环境分类管理研究

通过分析国内外农用地土壤环境分类管理经验,结合我国土壤环境质量状况,以土壤环境风险管控为主线,将农用地土壤分为优先保护类、安全利用类和严格管控类3个类别,并提出相应的分类管理措施,保障农产品质量安全和人体健康。     

关于土壤环境污染及控制指导值制订问题的探讨

《土壤污染防治行动计划》是国家系统开展土壤污染预防、保护、管控和治理的重大战略部署。文章从污染物来源和土壤污染判断依据两方面探讨了"土壤污染"的概念;提出了我国的"土壤环境污染控制指导值"包括3套指导值,分别为"土壤环境风险筛选值"、"土壤环境修复指导值"和"土壤环境修复启动值",并分析了3套指导值的目标定位、制订策略和执行策略。     

医疗废物高温蒸汽处理工艺的二次污染控制——以孝感市医疗废物处置中心为例

以孝感市医疗废物处置中心为例,介绍了高温蒸汽处理过程的二次污染控制工艺。结果表明:采用生物脱臭处理工艺,废气中的恶臭污染物可以达到《恶臭污染排放控制标准》(GB 14554—1993)相应排放速率限值要求;采用生化和物化相结合的废水处理工艺,出水水质可以满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)的二级排放标准要求。     

Metal and metalloid removal in constructed wetlands, with emphasis on the importance of plants and standardized measurements: A review

This review integrates knowledge on the removal of metals and metalloids from contaminated waters in constructed wetlands and offers insight into future R&D priorities. Metal removal processes in wetlands are described. Based on 21 papers, the roles and impacts on efficiency of plants in constructed wetlands are discussed. The effects of plant ecotypes and class (monocots, dicots) and of system size on metal removal are addressed. Metal removal rates in wetlands depend on the type of element (Hg > Mn > Fe = Cd > Pb = Cr > Zn = Cu > Al > Ni > As), their ionic forms, substrate conditions, season, and plant species. Standardized procedures and data are lacking for efficiently comparing properties of plants and substrates. We propose a new index, the relative treatment efficiency index (RTEI), to quantify treatment impacts on metal removal in constructed wetlands. Further research is needed on key components, such as effects of differences in plant ecotypes and microbial communities, in order to enhance metal removal efficiency.     

Multidimensional modeling of aerosol monitoring data

The present study deals with the application of N-way factor analysis for modeling and interpretation of a three-dimensional environmental data set acquired from monitoring of particulate matter (PM) collected at four different sampling locations in Lower Austria region (Central Europe). In the study the Tucker3 algorithm for N-way modeling was used. It was statistically validated that the Tucker3 model offered having the dimensionality [222] is appropriate for correct interpretation of the relationships between chemical parameters, sampling locations and sampling period. The Tucker3 model allowed to distinguish three major sources of pollution in the region of interest conditionally named “soil dust”, “combustion” and “street dust” latent factors as responsible for chemical profile of PM and to identify seasonal variability. Additionally, some specificity of the sampling locations was also pointed out.     

谈春节期间燃放烟花爆竹对空气质量的影响

"爆竹声中一岁除",在春节期间燃放烟花爆竹这一传统习俗在我国有着悠久历史,可是,在春节期间大量集中燃放烟花爆竹会对空气质量造成严重的影响。本文对河源市2018年春节期间监测数据进行分析,探究燃放烟花爆竹对空气质量的影响,为春节期间烟花爆竹燃放管控提供技术参考。     

Benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylenes in ambient air and Pinus sylvestris L. needles: a comparative study between Belgium, Hungary and Latvia

Concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylenes (BTEX) in ambient air and in 1 yr old Pinus sylvestris pine needles were monitored along a busy road, petrol station and rural area of Belgium, Hungary and Latvia in a 1 yr period. To test P. sylvestris as a possible biomonitor for the BTEX concentrations, samples were taken in the four seasons. As the distribution of data was not normal, the level of pollution on different sites and seasons was compared and evaluated by non-parametric tests. The measured air concentrations did not differ significantly from one season to another throughout the year. There were, however, differences between sampling places. The C₂-alkylbenzene and toluene concentrations in the needles were similar in the autumn/winter and spring/summer periods but a significant decrease in their concentration was observed in every place between winter and spring. This effect was less obvious for toluene.     

Air pollution and liver cancer: A systematic review

Air pollution has previously been linked to several adverse health outcomes, but the potential association between air pollution and liver cancer remains unclear. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science from inception to 10 October 2021, and manually reviewed the references of relevant papers to further identify any related literature investigating possible associations between air pollution and liver cancer. Risk estimates values were represented by statistical associations based on quantitative analyses. A total of 13 cohort studies obtained from 11 articles were included, with 10,961,717 participants. PM_2.5 was the most frequently examined pollutant (included in 11 studies), followed by NO₂ and NO_x (included in 6 studies), and fewer studies focused on other pollutants (PM_{2.5 absorbance}, PM₁₀, PM_2.5–10, O₃, and BC). In all the 16 associations for liver cancer mortality, 14 associations reported the effect of PM_2.5 on liver cancer mortality. Eight associations on PM_2.5 were significant, showing a suggestive association between PM_2.5 and liver cancer mortality. Among 24 associations shown by risk estimates for liver cancer incidence, most associations were not statistically significant. For other air pollutants, no positive associations were presented in these studies. PM_2.5 was the most frequently examined pollutant, followed by NO₂ and NO_x, and fewer studies focused on other pollutants. PM_2.5 was associated with liver cancer mortality, but there was no association for other air pollutants. Future research should use advanced statistical methods to further assess the impact of multiple air pollutants on liver cancer in the changing socio-environmental context.