我国的城市发展与大气污染

为了表明我国城市发展与大气污染的关系,以翔实的统计数据,采用两种分类的方法,研究和讨论了不同人口规模、不同功能类型的城市大气污染特点,并从防治大气污染的角度阐明了城市应定性质、定规模、定方向地协调发展。      

我国主要城市的大气质量的反演、重建与分析

该文收集有关城市的1959~1979年逐年的晴天太阳辐射资料,根据辐射传输方程扣除水汽和CO₂的吸收效应,利用各地区污染物浓度垂直分布和混合层高度规律,再同已有的TSP监测资料分区分析,可得到有关地区的大气TSP质量的逐年反演值。      

大气环境污染对文物古迹的影响

国内外多年的研究结果表明,大气环境污染是造成文物古迹损害的重要因素。其中影响最大的是降尘、酸雨、二氧化硫、二氧化氮、二氧化碳和臭氧等。该文根据近年来关于大气环境污染的报导,着重论述了尘埃对文物损害的机理和现象,酸雨对文物的腐蚀过程和反应机理,以及SO₂,NO₂,CO₂和O3等气态污染物使无机质文物老化、生锈,有机质文物脱色、褪色的原因。      

垃圾焚烧与二■■

多氯二苯并-对-二■■(PCDDs)和多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)是毒性极强的环境污染物质,垃圾焚烧又是大城市中引起二■■污染的主要来源。文中介绍了如何加强垃圾焚烧厂的运行管理,严格控制二■■的产生和排放等问题。      

丽水市空气中Pb污染调查

为调查丽水市空气中Pb污染现状，在机动车相对集中的市区布设5个测点，测点高度1．2m；监测周期为1a，每星期采样1d或2d，每天采集1个样，每次采样6h；监测项目为TSP、Pb；评价标准采用GB3095—1996《环境空气质量标准》。结果表明，丽水市各测点空气中Pb最大的季均值、年均值均未超标；常规测点和交通路口测点之间TSP、Pb质量浓度值均存在显著的差异性。     

落地油泥污染及油土分离处理的工艺研究

对落地油泥的组成、性质及其对环境的污染进行了调查和分析;根据落地油泥油土分离小型试验的结果,进行了 0.5t/h油土分离的放大试验。     

抚顺市水环境现状及其防治对策

随着非点源污染在水环境污染中所占比例越来越重,治理非点源污染问题迫在眉睫。本文在讨论了各种污水治理技术的前提下,提出了自己关于控制非点源污染的治理技术。     

污染物排放总量控制和排污权交易对清洁生产的促进作用

对污染物排放总量控制和排污权交易及清洁生产进行了系统分析 ,指出了三者之间的内在联系。论述了污染物总量控制和排污权交易的市场运作机制 ,以及对推行清洁生产的促进作用。并阐述了清洁生产为实现总量控制目标所发挥的作用。     

The Impact of Scrubber Sludge on Ground Water Quality at an Abandoned Mine Site

A sulfate-rich flue gas desulfurization scrubber sludge was used as a substitute backfill material in reclamation of an abandoned coal strip mine. The site was surrounded by monitor wells and the material was characterized for leaching behavior using open column experiments. A drain was placed directly beneath the 45 000 ton fill to enable sampling before dilution or attenuation. The column studies indicated that the scrubber sludge would adsorb manganese, iron, aluminium, cobalt, nickel, thallium and zinc contaminants from the water. Changes in pH appear inadequate to explain the removal by precipitation. The groundwater cleaning phenomenon has been confirmed on a field scale by the drain samples. Boron and molybdenum leach from the fly ash was used to fix the scrubber sludge and serve as marker elements enabling calibration of the dispersivity in computer models of the groundwater system at the site. The leachate front appears to be diluted by a factor of 8 : 1 within the first 15 meters. Since boron and molybdenum release are associated only with the first flush, environmental impacts will be minimal. Columns appear to create a time compression effect on the duration of leaching phenomenon. The effect for this site appears to be at least 5 : 1. The columns were effective in predicting which elements would leach or adsorb in the field and in predicting the actual source concentrations. Other shake tests such as the TCLP and the ASTM shake test were found to be less effective at predicting which elements would leach and were not helpful in predicting field concentrations.     

环境空气手工采样的质量保证

本文通过全程序空白试验、平行样试验及加标回收等试验,对大气手工采样的质量保证问题进行了探讨。