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891.
Spatial proximity of emissions sources to receptors may affect sensitivity to potential adverse human health effects. This research investigates whether receptor sensitivity to the location of emission sources can be utilized efficiently to minimize health risk in selecting sites for industrial enterprises, thermal electric stations, etc. A sensitivity function that is independent of the location of pre-existing emission sources is derived and applied to Minsk, Belarus. The function estimates exposures based on weather and climatic conditions as well as the distribution of population density at a given locality. Arraying prospective sites based on their sensitivity function magnitude provides a technique for minimizing health risk based on receptor sensitivity to the spatial proximity of atmospheric emissions sources. 相似文献
892.
The origin of faeces by means of biomarker detection 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Bull ID Lockheart MJ Elhmmali MM Roberts DJ Evershed RP 《Environment international》2002,27(8):647-654
893.
晋普山煤矿3~#风井主要通风机安全技术参数测定与分析 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
晋普山煤矿原有 1#、2 #两个回风井 ,随着生产的扩大 ,新开掘了 3#回风井 ,并新安装了 2台 2K60 -№ 2 8风机即 5 #、6 #风机。根据《煤矿安全规程》的要求 ,在新风机投入运行之前 ,必须进行性能鉴定 ,同时为掌握 3#风井新安装的两台风机实际性能 ,对矿井通风系统改造提供依据 ,笔者分别对 5 #、6 #风机叶片安装角为 2 5°、2 0°和 15°进行了性能鉴定。根据鉴定结果进行了合理分析。 相似文献
894.
Electric power generating plants that use coal were among the key targets of Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act. Under the
first phase of the act, 110 coal-fired electric power plants were required to reduce their sulfur dioxide emissions by 1995
and nitrogen oxide emissions by 1996. Phase 2 of the act requires even greater reduction of sulfur dioxide emissions by 2000
and nitrogen oxide emissions by 2008. This study examines whether the 107 targeted plants (three plants went off-line) have
achieved the desired sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emission levels.
The analysis of sulfur dioxide is based on data from 1990, 1995, and 1999. The findings show that although sulfur oxide increased
by 3% from 1995 to 1999, it decreased by 45% over the 1990–1999 period at the firm level for the targeted firms. The findings
also indicate that the overall reduction in sulfur dioxide was achieved by utilizing low sulfur coal and by purchasing emission
allowances. So far as nitrogen oxides are concerned, there has been a reduction of 14% over the 1990–1999 period, of which
7% was achieved during the 1995–1999 period. An evaluation of emissions at the plant level indicates that several plants do
not meet the emissions level for sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxides.
These results provide a mixed scorecard for reduction in emissions both for sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Even though
there is reduction in the emissions on an overall basis at the firm level, several plants that have not been able to reduce
emissions deserve special attention to meet the goals of the act in reducing emissions. 相似文献
895.
高层建筑热压中和面位置的确定 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
根据通风网络理论 ,结合建筑物各楼层门窗间的串并联关系 ,率先引入了能够反映建筑门窗结构和气密性特征的特征参量“风阻” ,并应用中和面上、下渗进渗出风量平衡的关系 ,得出了求解热压中和面位置的一元方程式 ,使建筑热压中和面的求解成为可能 相似文献
896.
Proactive Management of Air Quality 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Traditional air resource management systems have difficulty in addressing global issues, sustainable development, direct citizen
participation, and integration with broad economic interests. As reactive management systems, they tend to be compliance-driven,
static, and rigid. In contrast, proactive management systems are principle-driven, innovative, and flexible. Bridge scientists
play a key role in supporting the transformation of raw data into wise action. Decision-makers need to integrate social values
with knowledge about emissions, atmospheric processes, and potential environmental effects using the primary tools of measurements,
monitoring, and modeling. The Alberta Clean Air Strategic Alliance, a unique partnership of governments, industry, and public
interest groups formed in 1994, operates a comprehensive air management system that is capable of addressing air issues of
greater complexity and uncertainty. Its success is measured by the satisfaction of its diverse stakeholders and by the number
and scope of its initiatives. 相似文献
897.
Presently in Australia there are no mandatory drinking water standards. Here we argue that the risk associated with drinking
water in Australia is of a dimension discernible to warrant mandatory regulations. The catchments that supply the major metropolitan
areas of Sydney and Adelaide, and the groundwater for the city of Perth have been seriously compromised by the encroachment
of development and activities. Melbourne in the past has generally relied on a closed catchment reservoir system; however,
population growth in the near future will sequester the full online operation of additional reservoirs, which have multiple
land use catchments. In addition to the current landscape circumstances, the management of a water system in itself proposes
significant issues of risk. Two critical assumptions that are unique to a mass medium substance like water and dramatically
alter the appraisal of risk are: (1) very large numbers of people are potentially exposed, and (2) small changes in contaminant
levels may have adverse population outcomes. It is also known that water reticulation systems frequently suffer from contamination
problems caused solely by the distribution system, and optimal management of these facilities would best be served by statutory
protected transparency and dedicated water quality programs. In 1979, an Australian parliamentary committee stated that an
“uncontaminated water supply is” a “basic requirement for the obtainment of good health”; however, recent surveys of Australian
water systems show many are not meeting basic water quality criteria, and many communities are not receiving regular monitoring
or testing as required by government authorized Australian drinking water guidelines. Exacerbating this situation is the lack
of reporting and statutory endorsed standardized procedures to ensure information is properly and promptly recorded and that
data are centralized for maximum benefit. The evaluation of risk associated with drinking water in Australia is often hampered
by inadequate or incomplete data. Lastly, regional and rural water supplies face a vast array of contemporary problems and
experiences that include widespread usage of pesticides and agricultural chemicals. In recent years, the Darling River has
experienced the worst algal bloom known to man, and this river system not only supplies a number of regional and rural towns
with water, but eventually connects with the River Murray, which supplies the State of South Australia with approximately
50% of its water requirements. 相似文献
898.
着重阐述了武汉市汽车排气污染现状及汽车污染物的产生 ,介绍了国内外控制汽车污染物排放的技术和措施 ,提出了武汉市汽车排气污染的发展趋势。 相似文献
899.
新沂河污水净化生态工程研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
苏北水环境综合整治方案提出了“清污两制、控源导流”的水污染控制战略。以这一战略为指导,实施江苏省水污染集中控制两线工程。对北线工程新沂河污水生态工程的背景、工程方案与设计、污水系统水质模拟进行了详尽论述。 相似文献
900.