Vehicle emissions of primary air pollutants from 2009 to 2019 and projection for the 14th Five-Year Plan period in Beijing, China

Over the past decade, the emission standards and fuel standards in Beijing have been upgraded twice, and the vehicle structure has been improved by accelerating the elimination of 2.95 million old vehicles. Through the formulation and implementation of these policies, the emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NO_x), and fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) in 2019 were 147.9, 25.3, 43.4, and 0.91 kton in Beijing, respectively. The emission factor method was adopted to better understand the emissions characteristics of primary air pollutants from combustion engine vehicles and to improve pollution control. In combination with the air quality improvement goals and the status of social and economic development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period in Beijing, different vehicle pollution control scenarios were established, and emissions reductions were projected. The results show that the emissions of four air pollutants (CO, VOCs, NO_x, and PM_2.5) from vehicles in Beijing decreased by an average of 68% in 2019, compared to their levels in 2009. The contribution of NO_x emissions from diesel vehicles increased from 35% in 2009 to 56% in 2019, which indicated that clean and energy-saving diesel vehicle fleets should be further improved. Electric vehicle adoption could be an important measure to reduce pollutant emissions. With the further upgrading of vehicle structure and the adoption of electric vehicles, it is expected that the total emissions of the four vehicle pollutants can be reduced by 20%-41% by the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan period.     

我国主要城市的大气质量的反演、重建与分析

该文收集有关城市的1959~1979年逐年的晴天太阳辐射资料,根据辐射传输方程扣除水汽和CO₂的吸收效应,利用各地区污染物浓度垂直分布和混合层高度规律,再同已有的TSP监测资料分区分析,可得到有关地区的大气TSP质量的逐年反演值。      

计算机绘制大气污染物浓度分布等值线图

用计算机绘制大气污染物长期平均浓度分布等值线图，对在绘图过程中坐标系的建立，计算机间距的确定以及风向的加密等的处理方法作了讨论，并给出了绘图的基本步骤。     

新型气浮装置ES-DAF中气泡粒径分布的表征

对EsDAF气浮装置进行了研究.该装置取消了溶气灌,在循环泵的压水管和吸水管之间装有一个射流器和一个静态混合器进行吸气和溶气.采用显微摄像系统,对该装置中气泡粒径分布进行了探讨.结果表明,当环流比由10%增加到40%时气泡平均粒径由52.9μm降低到40.9μm,当表观气水比由12%降低到4%时,气泡平均粒径由55.9μm降低到40.1μm.这说明提高溶气系统中的紊流强度能够形成更多的原始气泡核位,从而可以形成更小的气泡随着溶气压力由300kPa增加到600kPa,气泡粒径分布曲线变低变宽说明压力的升高加剧了气泡的碰撞与并聚作用.     

活性炭石英砂双层深床滤料浮滤池处理高藻水源水的研究

活性炭石英砂双层深床滤料浮滤池是一种采用气浮过滤一体化,活性炭石英砂双层深床过滤,常规处理和深度处理一体化的工艺.该工艺处理高藻原水的结果显示:出水藻总数为4.30×10⁵个/L,总去除率为95.1%;出水叶绿素-a为0.88μg/L,总去除率为92.2%;出水浊度为0.18NTU;出水UV₂₅₄为0.016cm^-1,总去除率为54.3%;出水耗氧量为0.78mg/L,总去除率为63.6%,出水没有嗅味,色度为3度,总去除率为86.4%.出水残留铝含量为0.011mg/L,满足饮用水水质标准.过滤单元运行周期为36h,滤柱产水能力UFRV为504m³/m².     

含油污泥处理工艺研究

针对油田生产过程中产生的含油污泥,通过正交试验确定试验药剂及试验条件,根据小试与现场扩大试验的结果,采取浮选技术,推荐破乳混凝—沉降分层—浮选富集—底泥回注(简称HFH)流程和破乳混凝—沉降分层—浮选富集—底泥压滤(简称HFY)流程处理含油污泥。     

城市大气环境质量的协同评价

根据系统科学思想,在城市大气环境质量（ＡＡＱ）评价中,对＂本质＂与＂异质＂ＡＡＱ等量齐观,并强调污染物的低浓度长时间效应．本文探讨了两者的协同评价方法,利用常规监测资料对５个城市作了实例分析．研究结果与实际情况有较好的一致性．     

深圳市机动车限行对臭氧浓度影响分析

利用美国EPA开发的区域多尺度空气质量模式CMAQ对2008年8月发生在深圳地区的臭氧污染过程进行模拟,运用brute-force方法分析深圳机动车限行对臭氧浓度变化的影响.研究表明,CMAQ模式能较好的重现模拟期间臭氧的浓度水平和变化趋势;深圳机动车限行造成机动车的排放源削减会提高深圳城区臭氧浓度峰值,数值一般在10μg/m3以下。     

腐蚀性环境与自动控制设备的保护

介绍了环境空气中腐蚀住气体对电子仪器和自动控制设备的腐蚀机理与防护方法．腐蚀产生的原因主要是直接氧化和电化学过程．腐蚀性环境通常根据腐蚀性气体的反应性进行分级．环境空气的腐蚀性可通过控制环境条件和空气净化去除。     

WL—NA法排烟脱硫技术

从我国SO2大气污染情况出发，说明其治理重要性；重点阐述WL－NA法排烟脱硫技术．该技术脱硫率＞90％，同时得到商品价值高的二氧化硫副产品，具有推广应用价值．