Estimating emissions from crop residue open burning in China based on statistics and MODIS fire products

With the objective of reducing the large uncertainties in the estimations of emissions from crop residue open burning, an improved method for establishing emission inventories of crop residue open burning at a high spatial resolution of 0.25°× 0.25° and a temporal resolution of1 month was established based on the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) Thermal Anomalies/Fire Daily Level3 Global Product(MOD/MYD14A1). Agriculture mechanization ratios and regional crop-specific grain-to-straw ratios were introduced to improve the accuracy of related activity data. Locally observed emission factors were used to calculate the primary pollutant emissions. MODIS satellite data were modified by combining them with county-level agricultural statistical data, which reduced the influence of missing fire counts caused by their small size and cloud cover. The annual emissions of CO_2, CO, CH_4,nonmethane volatile organic compounds(NMVOCs), N_2O, NO_x, NH_3, SO_2, fine particles(PM2.5),organic carbon(OC), and black carbon(BC) were 150.40, 6.70, 0.51, 0.88, 0.01, 0.13, 0.07, 0.43,1.09, 0.34, and 0.06 Tg, respectively, in 2012. Crop residue open burning emissions displayed typical seasonal and spatial variation. The highest emission regions were the Yellow-Huai River and Yangtse-Huai River areas, and the monthly emissions were highest in June(37%).Uncertainties in the emission estimates, measured as 95% confidence intervals, range from a low of within ±126% for N_2O to a high of within ± 169% for NH_3.     

一种用于空气压缩机的空气消声过滤器

介绍了组合式空气消声过滤器的用途、结构、工作原理和使用效果,它是空气压缩机前级的专用理想设备,推广使用后可获得良好的综合效益。     

室内空气中污染物的检测技术

室内环境空气污染对人体健康影响很大,文中指出了影响人体健康的致病因子,分析了单个微粒的光通量和粒径之间的关系。鉴于单下颗粒的散射光信号很弱,本文提出一种方法,把激光器的内腔作为颗粒注入区,利用激光器的内腔功率谱密度远大于腔外功率密度的特点,结合先进的激光散控制理论,对空气中的颗粒进行检测。     

人力资本法在空气污染生命健康损失评估中的应用

采用人力资本法估计生命价值,就人力资本法用于生命价值估计的关键问题开展研究,包括用何种指标代表人力资本、工作年限损失计算、人力资本增长预测、贴现率选择等问题。以人均收入代表人力资本,基于城市不同年龄阶段居民人口数据和基期死亡率数据计算工作年限损失。以北京市为例,计算出因空气污染所致北京市居民平均工作年限损失为11.3 a,2014年北京市城镇居民人均可支配收入为43 910元,带入人力资本模型,人均收入增长率取10%,贴现率取3%,得到对生命价值的估计结果为68.6万元;贴现率取7%,得到对生命价值的估计结果为55.7万元。     

大气环境质量功能体系及其评价中的系统观

应用系统理论,论证了环境质量作为一种功能体系存在的客观性,并分析了该体系的基本特点及与人类需求层次相协调的性质,从而将环境质量拓展为一种广义的概念以顺应经济、社会发展和环境科学发展的要求.进而就大气环境质量功能体系,探讨了认识和评价环境质量的一般方法以及系统科学在环境科学领域中的应用.     

煤烟型大气污染解决方法

重点介绍了新型燃煤工艺——水平火焰无烟工业炉及其特点，并提出排烟尾气处理的资源化方案。     

城市大气环境质量主要影响因素分析

采用灰色关联度分析方法，对影响城市大气环境质量的因素进行了相关分析，并对呈负相关关系的影响因素关联度计算采取了倒数化算子处理，使计算结果更切合实际。     

空气质量AQI实时发布的改进探讨

针对《环境空气质量指数(AQI)技术规定(试行)》(HJ 633-2012)中对空气质量AQI实时发布存在的欠缺,从增加颗粒物1 h浓度的AQI分级浓度限值及颗粒物24 h滑动平均值计算方法改进着手,解决PM2.5和PM10的24 h滑动平均值实时延迟、1 h平均值代替24 h滑动平均值偏高等问题。     

大气污染物排放调查监测研究进展

系统总结了当前大气污染物排放调查监测的主要方法及其在全球、区域、局地等不同尺度的典型应用,分析了地面监测、模型模拟与遥感反演3种方法受排放源多样、成分复杂、时空变异显著等因素影响,在尺度效应、成分解析等方面存在的问题。从优化监测方法、改进监测模式、融合监测技术等角度,提出了构建现代化大气污染物排放调查监测网络、开展污染物在不同排放阶段的变化解析研究及在不同圈层间的迁移全过程研究等建议。     

Investigating the relationship between air pollution, health and social deprivation in Leeds, UK

This study examines the relationship between air pollution, social deprivation and health in the city of Leeds, UK under a baseline and three distance-based road user charging (RUC) scenarios set at 2 pence, 10 pence and 20 pence/km. Through application of a series of linked models of traffic, emission and pollutant dispersion, air quality was modelled in response to RUC scenarios. The pollutant modelled were NO(2), PM(10), CO, benzene and 1,3-butadiene, though results of NO(2) are used in this study. The RUC scenarios were compared with the 'base' scenario, all set for the year 2005. The RUC initiatives result in the differences in ambient concentrations of NO(2). The study correlates NO(2) concentrations with derived indices of social deprivation and health. The study concludes that positive but weak relationship exists between air quality and social deprivation, and indicates that deprived population groups are disproportionately exposed to higher NO(2) levels. The relationship between air quality and health status of the population is weak. There is a strong relationship between social deprivation and health status of the population. The study concludes that RUC scenarios result in reducing disparity between affluent and deprived populations.