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131.
为研究西安市夏、秋、冬3季大气细颗粒物中碳组分的污染变化规律,于2013年夏、秋、冬3季在西安市明城墙内采集大气中的PM2.5样品,测定了样品中的有机碳和元素碳的含量。结果显示,PM2.5中OC和EC的季节平均浓度冬季最高,秋季次之,夏季最低。OC/EC的比值在夏、秋、冬3季均超过2.0,说明采样期间夏、秋、冬3季均存在二次污染。OC/PM2.5的比值夏秋两季差异较小,冬季明显高于夏秋两季;EC/PM2.5的比值在夏、秋、冬3季的变化不大。OC和EC的相关性:夏季秋季冬季。OC与PM2.5的相关程度冬季秋季夏季,且随季节更替变化明显;EC与PM2.5的相关性:秋季夏季冬季。即随着季节变化PM2.5浓度水平整体升高、污染加重时,PM2.5中的OC所占比例明显升高,EC比较稳定,说明受人为影响的二次排放为主要成分的OC对PM2.5贡献更大。 相似文献
132.
汽车颗粒物污染的生态影响与公路绿带的屏障作用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文从汽车颗粒物污染的生态影响、污染范围及公路绿带屏障作用上概述了公路环境研究的进展 ,并提出了减轻公路污染物影响的主要措施 ,为我国公路规划建设、公路沿线的农业生产布局及公路环境保护提供了科学依据。 相似文献
133.
Road-deposited sediments(RDS) on urban impervious surfaces are important carriers of heavy metals.Dissolved heavy metals that come from RDS influenced by acid rain,are more harmful to urban receiving water than particulate parts.RDS and its associated heavy metals were investigated at typical functional areas,including industrial,commercial and residential sites,in Guangdong,Southern China,which was an acid rain sensitive area.Total and dissolved heavy metals in five particle size fractions were analyzed using a shaking method under acid rain scenarios.Investigated heavy metals showed no difference in the proportion of dissolved fraction in the solution under different acid rain pHs above3.0,regardless of land use.Dissolved loading of heavy metals related to organic carbon content were different in runoff from main traffic roads of three land use types.Coarse particles(150 μm) that could be efficiently removed by conventional street sweepers,accounted for 55.1%-47.1%of the total dissolved metal loading in runoff with pH 3.0-5.6.The obtained findings provided a significant scientific basis to understand heavy metal release and influence of RDS grain-size distribution and land use in dissolved heavy metal pollution affected by acid rain. 相似文献
134.
Soils contain diverse colloidal particles whose properties are pertinent to ecological and human health, whereas few investigations systematically analyze the surface properties of these particles. The objective of this study was to elucidate the surface properties of particles within targeted size ranges(i.e. 10, 1–10, 0.5–1, 0.2–0.5 and 0.2 μm) for a purple soil(Entisol) and a yellow soil(Ultisol) using the combined determination method. The mineralogy of corresponding particle-size fractions was determined by X-ray diffraction.We found that up to 80% of the specific surface area and 85% of the surface charge of the entire soil came from colloidal-sized particles( 1 μm), and almost half of the specific surface area and surface charge came from the smallest particles( 0.2 μm). Vermiculite,illite, montmorillonite and mica dominated in the colloidal-sized particles, of which the smallest particles had the highest proportion of vermiculite and montmorillonite. For a given size fraction, the purple soil had a larger specific surface area, stronger electrostatic field, and higher surface charge than the yellow soil due to differences in mineralogy.Likewise, the differences in surface properties among the various particle-size fractions can also be ascribed to mineralogy. Our results indicated that soil surface properties were essentially determined by the colloidal-sized particles, and the 0.2 μm nanoparticles made the largest contribution to soil properties. The composition of clay minerals within the diverse particle-size fractions could fully explain the size distributions of surface properties. 相似文献
135.
本文分别对重庆大气颗粒物中TSP、自然干沉降的化学组成及其浓度水平进行了阐述.Ca元素在TSP中位居第一.而Fe元素在干沉降中位居第一. 相似文献
136.
我国大气颗粒物来源及特征分析 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
我国大气颗粒物来源复杂,呈现大气复合型污染特征,对主要污染源进行识别和定量,是制定城市空气质量改善措施的基础。本研究总结了2000年以来我国近30个城市大气可吸入颗粒物PM10源解析研究,结果表明我国大气颗粒物PM10主要来自六类源:扬尘(土壤尘、道路尘、建筑尘);燃煤;工业排放;机动车排放;生物质燃烧;SO2、NOx、VOCs氧化产生的二次颗粒物。研究还表明,不同地区不同季节大气颗粒物主要来源和相对贡献存在差异。近年来随着大气颗粒物控制措施的实施,城市PM10污染状况已明显改善,大气细颗粒物PM2.5越来越受关注,在制定空气质量达标方案时,各类燃烧源和二次颗粒物的重要性将进一步上升。 相似文献
137.
Jia Liu Yunshan Ge Xin Wang Lijun Hao Jianwei Tan Zihang Peng Chuanzhen Zhang Huiming Gong Ying Huang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(7):238-248
In this study, the particle size-resolved distribution from a China-3 certificated light-duty diesel vehicle was measured by using a portable emission measurement system (PEMS). In order to examine the influences of vehicle specific power (VSP) and high-altitude operation, measurements were conducted at 8 constant speeds, which ranged from 10 to 80 km/hr at 10 km/hr intervals, and two different high altitudes, namely 2200 and 3200 m. The results demonstrated that the numbers of particles in all size ranges decreased significantly as VSP increased when the test vehicle was running at lower speeds (< 20 km/hr), while at a moderate speed (between 30 and 60 km/hr), the particle number was statistically insensitive to increase VSP. Under high-speed cruising conditions, the numbers of ultrafine particles and PM2.5 were insensitive to changes in VSP, but the numbers of nanoparticles and PM10 surged considerably. An increase in the operational altitude of the test vehicle resulted in increased particle number emissions at low and high driving speeds; however, particle numbers obtained at moderate speeds decreased as altitude rose. When the test vehicle was running at moderate speeds, particle numbers measured at the two altitudes were very close, except for comparatively higher number concentrations of nanoparticles measured at 2200 m. 相似文献
138.
结合斜流沉淀结构的特点，分析了流道内液芬布对颗粒沉淀过程的影响；污水中颗粒粒径分布对去除率的影响，从而理论上推导上流式斜流沉去除率的计算公式 相似文献
139.
本文研究了重庆颗粒物自然沉降的分布规律;揭示了市区、郊区颗粒物在显微镜下的物理特征,为研究颗粒物对建筑物体的腐蚀提供了有力的依据。 相似文献
140.
The aerosol number concentration and size distribution as well as size-resolved particle chemical composition were measured during haze and photochemical smog episodes in Shanghai in 2009. The number of haze days accounted for 43%, of which 30% was severe （visibility 〈 2 km） and moderate （2 km 〈 visibility 〈 3 km） haze, mainly distributed in winter and spring. The mean particle number concentration was about 17,000/cm3 in haze, more than 2 times that in clean days. The greatest increase of particle number concentration was in 0.5-1μm and 1-10 μm size fractions during haze events, about 17.78 times and 8.78 times those of clean days. The largest increase of particle number concentration was within 50-100 nm and 100-200 nm fractions during photochemical smog episodes, about 5.89 times and 4.29 times those of clean days. The particle volume concentration and surface concentration in haze, photochemical smog and clean days were 102, 49, 15 μm3/cm3 and 949, 649, 206 μm2/cm3, respectively. As haze events got more severe, the number concentration of particles smaller than 50 nm decreased, but the particles of 50-200 nm and 0.5-1μm increased. The diurnal variation of particle number concentration showed a bimodal pattern in haze days. All soluble ions were increased during haze events, of which NH4, SO24- and NO3 increased great/y, followed by Na＋, IC, Ca2＋ and CI-. These ions were very different in size-resolved particles during haze and photochemical smog episodes. 相似文献