MONITORING AND CONTROL OF CENTER PIVOT SYSTEMS WITH MICROCOMPUTERS1

A computerized water-energy-management system (WEMS) can be used by center pivot operators to reduce pumping fuel costs and monitoring expenses. Irrigation costs are lowered primarily because the system used climatic data and plant growth models to derive water schedules that considerably lowers the use of water compared with conventional irrigation practices. A capital budget analysis of a hypothetical, but representative farm growing corn, shows that cost savings are from three sources: 61 percent from pumping less water, 28 percent from labor savings, and 11 percent from savings on truck fuel, maintenance, and oiL The analysis illustrates that only a 4 percent water savings from irrigation scheduling over a 10-year period is required for the investment to be profitable for many central High Plains’ irrigators. The water savings required are relatively small compared with the potentials shown by irrigation scheduling research. WEMS is cost effective and can extend the life of the ground water source.     

Problems and issues in laser beam welding of aluminum–lithium alloys

Aluminum–lithium (Al–Li) alloys are very attractive for potential aerospace applications due to their lower density, higher specific strength and rigidity, better corrosion and fatigue crack growth resistance properties, compared to conventional aluminum alloys. Laser beam welding (LBW), being an advanced joining method, has already been approved for applications involving aluminum alloys. However, there are still a number of problems and issues to be answered and solved in LBW of Al–Li alloys. In this review, the properties of Al–Li alloys and the characteristics of LBW are introduced, the formation and prevention of the main weld defects such as porosity and hot cracking are discussed, and then the weld microstructure and the joint mechanical properties are described in highlight. At the end, an outlook on future trends is presented.     

Effects of low temperature on aluminum(Ⅲ) hydrolysis: theoretical and experimental studies

In this study, the effects of low temperature on aluminum(III) (Al) hydrolysis were examined both theoretically and experimentally by constructing a solubility diagram for amorphous aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3(am)) and a distribution diagram of hydrolyzed Al species. Firstly, thermodynamic data of Al species at 4℃ were calculated from that at 25℃. A well confirmed polymeric Al species, AlO4Al12(OH)247 (Al13), was involved in building the diagrams and, correspondingly, the non-linear simultaneous equations with 13 degrees were resolved. Secondly, polarized Zeeman atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and ferron-based spectrophotometry were applied for constructing the practical diagrams. The results show that a decrease of temperature from 25 to 4℃ caused the Al(OH)3(am) boundary on the solubility diagram to shift toward the alkaline side by about 1.0 pH unit and the minimum solubility of Al(OH)3(am) to reduce by 1.0 log unit. The distribution diagram indicates that the monomeric Al, Al13, and solid-phase Al(OH)3 were alternately the predominant species with the increase of pH value during Al hydrolysis. At 25℃, Al13 was the dominant species in a pH range of 4.0 to 4.5, whereas at 4℃, Al13 was the leading species in a pH range spaced from 4.5 to 6.3. The predominant species changed from the monomeric Al to the solid-phase Al(OH)3 over the range of 1.8 pH units at 4℃ in comparison with the range of 0.5 pH unit at 25℃.     

Treatment of phenol wastewater by microwave-induced ClO2-CuOx/Al2O3 catalytic oxidation process

The catalyst of CuOx/Al2O3 was prepared by the dipping-sedimentation method using γ-Al2O3 as a carrier. CuO and Cu2O were loaded on the surface of γ-Al2O3, characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In the presence of CuOx/Al2O3, the microwave-induced chlorine dioxide (ClO2) catalytic oxidation process was conducted for the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing 100 mg/L phenol. The relationships between removal percentage and initial ClO2 concentration, catalyst dosage, microwave power, contact time, initial phenol concentration and pH were investigated and the results showed that microwave-induced ClO2-CuOx/Al2O3 process could effectively degrade contaminants in a short reaction time with a low oxidant dosage, extensive pH range. Under a given condition (ClO2 concentration 80 mg/L, microwave power 50 W, contact time 5 min, catalyst dosage 50 g/L, pH 9), phenol removal percentage approached 92.24%, corresponding to 79.13% of CODCr removal. The removal of phenol by microwave-induced ClO2-CuOx/Al2O3 catalytic oxidation process was a complicated non-homogeneous solid/water reaction, which fitted pseudo-first-order by kinetics. Compared with traditional ClO2 oxidation, ClO2 catalytic oxidation and microwave-induced ClO2 oxidation, microwave-induced ClO2 catalytic oxidation system could significantly enhance the degradation efficiency. It provides an effective technology for the removal of phenol wastewater.     

某型报废火箭炮弹战斗部装药安定性试验研究

为分析某型报废火箭炮弹战斗部梯黑铝混合装药的安定性,将样品加速老化处理,利用差示扫描量热仪测定了试样老化处理前后的热分解过程.分别得到老化前后在5,10,20 ℃/min升温速率下的DSC曲线和相关特征数据.采用非模函数Ozawa法,结合线性回归分析,计算了炸药热分解的动力学参数,求得试样老化处理前后在不同升温速率下平...     

腐殖酸铝盐絮凝体的动态特性

通过显微摄影分析研究了腐殖酸铝盐絮凝体成长的动态过程以及在混凝过程中絮凝体构造(分形维数)的变化规律.结果表明,在腐殖酸混凝过程中,随搅拌历时延长,絮凝体粒径不断成长变大,最终达到平衡状态.随着絮凝体的成长,其构造呈现由密实逐渐向疏松过渡的过程,空隙率变大,二维分形维数由初期的1.8左右下降到1.4左右.絮凝体分形维数D_f和粒径d_f之间具有D_f=Ad_f^-     

La0.8Ce0.2CoO3/Al2O3对油烟的催化净化

将稀土金属La、Ce和过渡金属Co按照一定的比例采用浸渍法负载在γ-Al2O3载体上制备成La0.8Ce0.2CoO3/Al2O3催化剂,用X-射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对催化剂负载层的表面形态、晶相结构和粒径大小进行了表征,并用正交实验法考察了其对油烟的催化净化效果。结果表明,当负载量30%、焙烧温度800℃、催化温度300℃、烟气流量10L/min时催化剂对油烟的净化效果最佳,净化效果可达88%,催化剂对油烟的催化具有较好的低温高活性。     

油墨含能NiCr桥电爆换能规律及间隙点火性能研究

目的 针对低功耗换能元点火能力不足的问题,采用油墨直写技术制备一种油墨含能NiCr桥换能元。方法 以Al/CuO为主体含能材料,完成含能油墨的制备,并将其集成到NiCr桥上,形成油墨含能NiCr桥。对油墨含能NiCr桥换能元进行电爆实验和间隙点火实验,验证油墨含能NiCr桥的非接触式点火能力。结果 在24 V/100μF条件下,油墨装药量为2.9 mg时,油墨含能NiCr桥可以在5 mm间隙下点燃B/KNO₃装药,在间隙为1 mm条件下,油墨含能NiCr桥能够成功引发装药为硝酸肼镍的雷管。结论 含能油墨的引入能够增强Ni Cr桥的点火起爆能力,有望在工程实践中进行应用。     

我国耕地面积重心及耕地生态背景质量的动态变化

基于中国环境资源数据库及对中国耕地面积１０年变化研究的基础，采用重心模型方法，通过计算两个时期的耕地面积重心，得出中国耕地面积重心１０年向西北移动了２８．３３７７ｋｍ，尔后，在耕地生态背景质量模糊评价的基础上，生成耕地生态背景质量指数，利用此指数计算出耕地重心的移动所导致的中国耕地质量下降２．５２％的定量化数值。     

强化混凝与超滤组合工艺净化湘江水——采用不同混凝剂的比较

采用强化混凝-超滤组合工艺对湘江水进行了净化研究,通过加入不同的混凝剂[Al₂(SO₄)3·18H2O、FeCl₃]以及粉末活性炭(PAC),比较了三者对于湘江水的处理效果和对膜过滤性能的影响.结果表明,混凝剂的选择与用量对水中污染物质的去除和膜过滤性能有很大的影响.经过组合工艺处理后,系统出水的浊度小于0.1NTU,TOC小于2mg/L,铁、锰的含量低于0.1mg/L.