模拟酸雨对红壤中硅铝铁释放的影响

通过模拟酸雨对湖南红壤的淋溶实验,分析了淋溶液pH值和硅铝铁离子动力学释放规律和特点.结果表明,在一定淋溶范围时,酸雨酸度是决定红壤矿物溶解及离子释放的主要因素,且硅、铝、铁对酸雨响应存在差异.在pH<5.6的各酸度酸雨淋溶下,硅均有大量释放,铁基本无释放.pH在3.0～5.6时铝的释放量很小,只有在酸雨pH值较低时才会有大量溶出.随酸雨淋溶的进行,酸雨pH在3.0～5.6的硅铝释放能力总体呈下降趋势.pH 2.5的酸雨可使红壤矿物的风化作用加强,硅铝释放量均明显增加,铝的增幅更大,但随淋溶量增加硅铝释放能力的增长速度趋缓.实验结果还表明,红壤受酸雨影响pH值降到一定程度后,淋出液中铝浓度与其pH值及DOC都呈线性负相关,酸沉降可破坏固相有机络合铝并使其溶出,但强酸性酸雨作用下红壤溶解而释放的铝主要来自铝硅酸盐的溶解.     

后处理对离子镀铝涂层腐蚀性能的影响研究

研究了喷丸和化学氧化后处理方法对离子镀铝涂层微观形貌和耐腐蚀性能的影响,并对离子镀铝、电镀锌、低氢脆镀镉、氯化铵镀镉等4种涂镀层的耐腐蚀性能和与铝合金的接触腐蚀进行了对比研究.研究表明通过喷丸可有效地减少镀层孔隙率,提高镀层致密度;喷丸 化学氧化,化学氧化后的离子镀铝层具有良好的耐腐蚀性能;离子镀铝涂层耐腐蚀性能大大高于锌镀层,但低于同等厚度的镉镀层,离子镀铝涂层与7B04铝合金的接触腐蚀性能略优于其他3种镀层.     

Metal bioaccumulation in plant leaves from an industrious area and the Botanical Garden in Beijing

The concentrations of Fe, Mn, AI, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, and As were measured in soils and leaves from 21 plant species growing on hills near the Beijing Steel Factory(BSF) and 17 plant species in the Beijing Botanical Garden(BBG). The results showed that soils from BSF were Zn contaminated according to the threshold of natural background of China. There was a metal contamination of the soils by Ni,and Cr in BSF comparing with those in BBG. The comparison between concentrations of metals in leaves from both sites indicated that, in general, accumulation of metals in the leaves of the same species was significantly different between the two sites. Even within the same locality each species accumulation of metals was significantly variable. The study aimed to screen landscape plants for the capacity to clean-up toxic metals in soils, and developed an overall metal accumulation index(MAI) for leaves and then categorized the MAI that can be applied broadly in the selection of species in polluted areas. To do this, the spectrum of MAI values were divided into four classes: strongly accumulated(SA or grade I), moderately accumulated(MA or grade II), intermediately accumulated( IA or grade III), and weakly accumulated(WA or grade IV). The results showed that elemental association between Fe, AI, Ni, and As was generally highly correlated with each other in the sampling sites. This may suggest their common biochemical characteristics. Generally, those species containing strong and moderate accumulation in both sites are considered including Vitex negundo, Broussonetia papyrifera, Ulmus pumila, and Rubia cordifolia. At BSF and other industrial sites with a similar ecosystem, strong and moderate accumulation species include Sophora japonica, Ampelopsis aconitifolia var. glabra, Platycladus orientalis, Wikstroemia chamaedaphne, Cleistogenes squarrosa, Grewia biloba, and in BBG, in addition Setaria viddis, Cotinus coggygria, Lespedeza flodbunda, Rhamnus parvifolia, Lespedeza tomentosa.     

还原剂对Ag/Al2O3催化剂上NO还原的影响

在富氧条件下,研究了CH4、C3H8、C 3H6、C8H18、CH 3OH、C2H5OH,以及C3H6与CH3OH、C3H6与C2H5OH组合作还原剂时,在Ag/Al2O3催化剂上NO的还原活性.结果表明,不同碳氢化合物还原NO的活性温度存在较大的差异.SO2的存在会导致CH3OH还原NO的活性提高,而其他碳氢化合物还原NO的活性降低.随着还原剂浓度提高,NOx转化率增大,不过,过高的还原剂浓度对NO还原不利.组合使用CH3OH与C3H6或C2H5OH与C3H6作为还原剂,能显著拓宽活性温度范围.     

A new regeneration approach to cation resins with aluminum salts: application of desalination by its mixed bed

A novel method for the regeneration of cation exchange resins by aluminum (Al) salts was investigated in order to improve the regeneration efficiency of resins and reduce the dosage of regenerant. The influences of Al³⁺ concentration and the pH of regeneration solution on resin transformation had been studied. The desalination experiments were carried out to evaluate the characteristics of the Al form resins. Experimental results showed that the regeneration rate of resins was strictly dependent on Al3+ concentration and the pH of the solution. Compared to the conventional regeneration method, the Al form mixed bed exhibited the same desalination capability as the H form mixed bed (MB), and the total organic carbon (TOC) removal was up to 90%, clearly higher than that of the H form. Al salt solution could be utilized repeatedly to regenerate Al form resins.     

NO和H2O2对大豆幼苗铝毒害的缓解效应及其相互作用

NO和H₂O₂作为信号分子参与植物对非生物胁迫的响应,为了确定NO和H₂O₂介导的大豆耐铝作用以及二者的交互作用,以浙春3号大豆为材料,分析了铝毒胁迫下根尖内源及外源NO和H₂O₂对大豆铝毒的缓解效应,并研究了NO和H₂O₂代谢相关酶的活性变化, 其中外源NO由SNP(亚硝基铁氰化钠,Na₂[Fe(CN)₅NO]·2H₂O)提供. 结果显示:Al处理显著抑制大豆根生长,促使Al在根尖积累并显著提高大豆根尖内源w(NO)和w(H₂O₂). 在H₂O₂₊Al、SNP+Al和H₂O₂₊SNP+Al处理下,大豆根相对伸长率比单独Al处理下分别升高了64.6%、63.5%和69.5%,根尖w(Al)则分别减少了34.6%、36.8%和32.9%,表明NO和H₂O₂对铝毒害均具有缓解作用.外源NO能够促使根尖内源H₂O₂显著积累,降低POD(过氧化物酶)活性,而外源H₂O₂对内源根尖w(NO)无影响.NO和H₂O₂在缓解铝毒的信号途径中存在信号互作,NO处于H₂O₂的上游,其通过POD活性调节内源w(H₂O₂).      

深海环境对激光选区熔融Ti6Al4V应力腐蚀断裂行为的影响

目的 比较增材制造技术制备的Ti6Al4V相比于传统锻造材料在深海环境下耐应力腐蚀性能的差异.方法 利用慢应变速率拉伸、扫描电镜观察、XPS分析,对比了锻造的Ti6Al4V合金(WT-Ti6Al4V)和激光选区熔融技术制备的Ti6Al4V合金(SLM-Ti6Al4V)在海洋环境中不同静水压力(0、4、8 MPa)、温度...     

Al(Ⅲ) speciation distribution and transformation in high concentration PACl solutions

Effects of Al(Ⅲ) concentration and pH on the speciation of Al(Ⅲ) in polyaluminum chloride (PACl) solutions especially on the Al13 fraction were investigated. A series of PACl samples were prepared over the range of Al(Ⅲ) concentration from 0.01 to 2.0 mol/L with the B (OH/Al ratio) value from 1.0 to 2.5 by forced hydrolysis of AlCl3. The samples were characterized by ferron assay,pH and 27Al NMR. It was shown that the Al(Ⅲ) concentration had a dramatic effect on the hydrolysis processes and the species distribution of PACl was in relate to the decrease of pH. The fraction of Al species, Alb (or Al13) decreased and Alc increased with increase of total Al(Ⅲ) concentration. Under the condition of Al(Ⅲ) 2.0 mol/L, B = 2.5, the pH value was 2.73 and no Al13 could be detected. During diluting and aging, the species distribution evolved. The Al13 could then be detected again and the amounts increased with time. If the diluted samples were concentrated by freeze dry at -35℃ or heating at 80℃, the pH value and Al13 content would decrease with the increased concentration. It demonstrated that the key factor for formation of Al13 in concentrated PACl was pH value.     

聚合氯化铝Al13模型化合物的量子化学计算

采用MNDO方法对聚合氯化铝(PAC)中的Al13模型化合物进行了量子化学计算.结果表明:作为电子给体化学反应的活性点主要是羟基氧原子或羟基桥键氧原子,作为电子受体化学反应的活性点主要是六配位的Al.羟铝比(OH/Al)大的模型物, 铝氧四面体中Al所带正电荷明显减少,表明OH/Al比大时将有更多的电子流向Al(Ⅲ).与此同时,羟桥Al-O的键级会逐渐减小,有利于PAC的水解.水解过程实际上是通过OH-的HOMO和被水解形态组分的LUMO相互作用使Al-O(H2O)键断裂形成Al-O(OH)键的过程.     

铈改性Al2O3担载Pd催化剂的CO氧化性能研究

浸渍法制备了Al2O3＋CeO2为载体的Pd催化剂,对制备中各因素对催化剂效果的影响作了初步研究。考察了活性组分含量与催化剂性能的关系以及焙烧温度、水蒸气对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,稀土Ce元素的存在使催化剂的性能得到明显改善。制备过程中焙烧步骤对催化剂的活性影响很大,催化剂制备必须高于600℃焙烧。