光助Ce-Fe/Al2O3催化H2O2降解阳离子红GTL模拟废水

利用Ce-Fe/Al₂O₃为催化剂的非均相光Fenton体系降解阳离子红GTL模拟废水，考察了H₂O₂浓度、催化剂用量、初始pH值及不同工艺过程对降解效果的影响，通过紫外-可见漫反射光谱、红外光谱、XPS手段研究铁在反应中的价态变化。结果表明，在11 W低压汞灯照射下，非均相光Fenton体系能够有效地降解结构稳定的阳离子红GTL，在pH 6，反应温度20℃，时间90 min，Ce-Fe/Al₂O₃ 2 g/L，H₂O₂浓度340 mg/L，含50 mg/L阳离子红GTL模拟废水TOC去除率为92.40%；光Fenton反应中Fe(Ⅲ)转化为Fe(Ⅱ)。     

Catalytic performance of Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalyst in ozonation of 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid, nitrobenzene and oxalic acid in water

Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation using Fe(NO3) 3·9H2O and Co(NO3) 2·6H2O as the precursors,and its catalytic performance was investigated in ozonation of 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid(2,4-DP) ,nitrobenzene and oxalic acid.The experimental results indicated that Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalyst enabled an interesting improvement of ozonation eciency during the degradation of each organic pollutant,and the Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalytic ozonation system followed a radical-type mechanism.The kinetics of ozonation alone and Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalytic ozonation of three organic pollutants in aqueous solution were discussed under the mere consideration of direct ozone reaction and OH radical reaction to well investigate its performance.In the catalytic ozonation of 2,4-DP,the apparent reaction rate constants(k) were determined to be 1.456×10-2 min-1 for ozonation alone and 4.740×10-2 min-1 for O3/Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3.And O3/Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 had a larger Rct(6.614×10-9) calculated by the relative method than O3 did(1.800×10-9) ,showing O3/Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 generated more hydroxyl radical.Similar results were also obtained in the catalytic ozonation of nitrobenzene and oxalic acid.The above results demonstrated that the catalytic performance of Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 in ozonation of studied organic substance was universal to a certain degree.     

新型锌／铜／铝类水滑石的合成及对模拟印染废水吸附性能的研究

采用低饱和共沉淀法制得锌／铜／铝类水滑石化合物（Zn5CuAl2（OH）16CO3·xH2O）,在450℃焙烧得焙烧物,通过XRD ,FT－IR ,SEM和TG－DSC等手段对样品的结构、形貌和热稳定性进行了分析。将其焙烧物用于吸附模拟印染废水中的阴离子染料活性艳橙,结果表明,pH值在2～9,经吸附90 min ,其对印染废水的吸附性能最佳,染料去除率达96％以上。     

Validation of the UN test method N.5

Many substances react with water in such a way that flammable gases are formed. For transport issues this reaction may possess a considerable hazard especially if the cargo is wetted by rain or by water from other sources. In the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods these kinds of problems are addressed. The UN test N.5 “Test method for substances which in contact with water emit flammable gases” corresponds to this hazard. Classification according to the test method is done by measurement of the gas evolution rate of the flammable gas by any suitable procedure. At BAM a gravimetric approach is used to measure the gas evolution rate. In this paper we present the evaluation of the apparatus by means of an absolute calibration routine utilizing a reaction where a known amount of gas is produced as well as the evaluation of important parameters influencing the gas evolution rate using different substances. It can be shown that the apparatus is capable of measuring absolute gas volumes as low as 6 mL with an acceptable error of about 17% as determined from the reaction of Mg with demineralized water.     

The Al Gore effect: An Inconvenient Truth and voluntary carbon offsets

This paper examines the relationship between climate change awareness and household behavior by testing whether Al Gore's documentary An Inconvenient Truth caused an increase in the purchase of voluntary carbon offsets. I find that in the two months following the film's release, zip codes within a 10-mile radius of a zip code where the film was shown experienced a 50 percent relative increase in the purchase of voluntary carbon offsets. During other times, offset purchasing patterns for zip codes inside the 10-mile radius were similar to the patterns of zip codes outside the 10-mile radius. There is, however, little evidence that individuals who purchased an offset due to the film purchased them again a year later.     

基于二次铝灰的地聚反应稳固化垃圾飞灰

基于工业生产铝过程中回收的二次铝灰（SAD）的地质聚合反应,提出了一种稳固化城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰（MSWIFA）的新方法,分析硅铝物质的量之比对飞灰中重金属浸出浓度及地聚物固化体力学性能的影响规律.结果表明,当硅铝物质的量之比小于2.5时,二次铝灰-SiO₂基固化体与偏高岭土-SiO₂基固化体中的重金属浸出浓度均随着硅铝物质的量之比的增加而逐渐降低,2种固化体的抗压强度随着硅铝物质的量之比的增加而增加;硅铝物质的量之比达到2.5时,重金属的浸出浓度与固化体的抗压强度均趋于稳定.XRD分析结果显示,偏高岭土-SiO₂基固化体中聚合物的种类与数量均略高于二次铝灰-SiO₂基固化体.但从重金属的浸出浓度与固化体的抗压强度来看,2类固化体对飞灰中重金属的稳固化效果的差别很小,二次铝灰加上部分硅基材料可以作为偏高岭土的替代品,用于稳固化飞灰重金属的地质聚合反应中.二次铝灰-SiO₂基固化体的抗压强度达到13.65MPa,具备一定的力学性能,可用于部分特定的建筑材料.     

Is The Ca + K + Mg/Al Ratio in the Soil Solution a Predictive Tool for Estimating Forest Damage?

The ratio between (Ca +K +Mg) and Al in nutrientsolution has been suggested as a predictive tool forestimating tree growth disturbance. However, the ratiois unspecific in the sense that it is based on severalelements which are all essential for plant growth;each of these may be growth-limiting. Furthermore,aluminium retards growth at higher concentrations. Itis therefore difficult to give causal and objectivebiological explanations for possible growthdisturbances. The importance of the proportion ofbase-cations to N, at a fixed base-cation/Al ratio, isevaluated with regard to growth of Picea abies.The uptake of elements was found to be selective;nutrients were taken up while most Al remained insolution. Biomass partitioning to the roots increasedafter aluminium addition with low proportions of basecations to nitrogen. We conclude that the low growthrates depend on nutrient limitation in thesetreatments. Low growth rates in the high proportionexperiments may be explained by high internal Alconcentrations. The results strongly suggest thatgrowth rate is not correlated with the ratio in therooting medium and question the validity of usingratios as predictive tools for estimating forestdamage. We suggest that growth limitation of Picea abies in the field may depend on lowproportions of base cations to nitrate. It istherefore important to know the nutritional status ofthe plant material in relation to the growth potentialand environmental limitation to be able to predict andestimate forest damage.     

Mg/Al LDH对UO22+的高效吸附研究

由于放射性污染物的不合理处置及核泄漏事件的发生,对生态环境和人类健康造成了严重危害.本研究采用共沉淀法制备了不同Mg/Al比(物质的量比)的Mg/Al LDH(层状双氢氧化物),研究其对UO_2~(2+)的吸附行为.同时,考察了吸附剂投加量、p H、吸附时间、初始浓度对吸附的影响,并采用XRD、FTIR、SEM、XPS等技术对吸附前后LDH材料进行表征与分析.结果表明:Mg/Al比为2∶1的Mg/Al LDH对UO_2~(2+)吸附效果要比Mg/Al比为4∶1的Mg/Al LDH好,Mg/Al比为2∶1和4∶1的Mg/Al LDH对UO_2~(2+)吸附容量分别为301.28和263.85 mg·g-1,对UO_2~(2+)具有优良的吸附性能,可以作为高浓度放射性污染废水的吸附材料和核泄漏事件的应急吸附材料.Mg/Al LDH对UO_2~(2+)的吸附更符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和Pseudo-second-order动力学模型.吸附后Mg/Al LDH的Mg/Al比降低,Mg/Al LDH对UO_2~(2+)的吸附机理是UO_2~(2+)与材料中氢氧根、碳酸根相互作用,形成三元的络合物而被去除.     

纳米复合聚硅酸铝的颗粒粒度效应:Al_(13)与氧化硅的相互作用及其混凝特征

为了研究纳米复合聚硅酸铝(PASC)混凝剂的颗粒粒度效应,以实验室提纯的Al13溶液和活化水玻璃为原料,制备一系列不同粒度分布的PASC.以Al-Ferron法测定的铝水解形态表明,在该混凝剂中,Al13作为混凝优势形态具有较好的稳定性.氧化硅聚集度的测定和粒度分析结果表明,活化硅酸的加入能显著提高混凝剂的平均粒度,同时,Si/Al比(物质的量比)是影响平均粒度的主要因素.在活化硅酸不过量的前提下,Si/Al比和混凝剂的平均粒度呈正相关.混凝实验结果表明,在保证电中和能力的前提下,混凝剂的颗粒粒度越大,混凝剂的除浊能力越强.     

Fe(Ⅲ)掺杂Mg/Al-LDO作为氮磷吸附剂的研究

针对污水厂尾水脱氮除磷问题,采用共沉淀法制备了镁铝铁类水滑石（Mg/Al/Fe–LDHs）,在450℃下焙烧3h得到焙烧态类水滑石（Mg/Al/Fe–LDO）.研究了Fe（Ⅲ）掺杂对Mg/Al-LDO吸附氮磷的影响及吸附特性.结果表明,当Mg/Al/Fe物质的量比为3：0.6：0.4时,Mg/Al/Fe-LDO对氮磷吸附性能较好,最大吸附容量分别为28.57mg/g和231.46mg/g.吸附过程均符合Langmuir吸附等温模型,拟合相关系数（R²）达到0.99以上.根据XRD、FTIR的表征结果可以推断,Mg/Al/Fe–LDO是通过“记忆效应”、静电引力作用完成对氮磷的吸附,对磷的吸附还包括离子交换作用.