酸沉降对马尾松菌根内Al积累和细胞损伤的影响

研究了酸沉降下马尾松(Pinus massoniana Lamb)彩色豆马勃(Pisolithus tinctorius)菌根共生体内Al的积累分布和根系细胞损伤状况,探讨了Al在马尾松根系和菌根的毒害位点及马尾松菌根的抗Al机制.结果表明,低pH值促进了Al在马尾松根尖皮层细胞壁和胞间大量积累;根系伸长区内Al含量明显低于根尖对照;茎、叶中Al含量较少;菌根能积累大量Al于菌丝内.酸和Al处理后根系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性明显升高,丙二醛(MDA)增加.同时,根尖皮层细胞膨大变形,膜系统严重受损,细胞核膨大,核质凝集,线粒体膜明显受损;液泡增多并膨大,在150祄ol/L Al³⁺和pH值2.0处理时细胞明显衰老并出现空泡化;而菌根的形成能明显减轻酸和Al对细胞的损伤.     

镍、锌、铝对羊角月芽藻(Selenastrum capricornutum)生长及酶活性影响研究

研究了不同浓度镍，锌，铝对常见绿藻羊角月芽藻生长速度，蛋白质含量，ＡＴＰ水平，葡萄糖－６－磷酸脱氢酶，酸性磷酸酶及硝酸还原酶活性的影响。结果表明３种金属离子在所试浓度范围内对羊角月芽藻的生长速度均有抑制作用，但单位藻培养物中蛋白质含量却随着金属离子浓度的增加而增加；高浓度金属离子对酶活性有明显抑制作用；藻细胞中ＡＴＰ水平随着金属离子浓度的增加而下降。     

洗车废水混凝剂的选择

实验采用混凝工艺对洗车水进行预处理,选用4种无机混凝剂和1种有机混凝剂进行对比试验研究,通过实验结果分析确定了最佳药剂及其最佳投药量。     

聚合氯化铝与有机高分子复合絮凝剂的形态分布研究——AlFerron和~(27)AlNMR相结合

主要研究了Ａｌ－Ｆｅｒｒｏｎ逐时络合比色法和＾２７Ａｌ－ＮＭＲ法应用于聚合铝与有机高分子复合絮凝剂形态分布的测定，结果表明，两种方法分别测定的Ａｌｂ和Ａｌ１３的结果具有一定的相关性；聚合铝与有机高分子复合后其形态分布发生了一定的变化，Ａｌｂ（或Ａｌ１３）的含量有所降低，但仍是优势形态，Ａｌａ（或Ａｌ单）的含量基本保持不变。     

以Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法研究有机硅铝复合絮凝剂中铝的形态分布

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、二乙氧基二甲基硅烷(DEDMS)、?-氢丙基二乙氧基甲基硅烷(APDES)这3种硅烷偶联剂为硅源.合成了新型的有机硅铝复合絮凝剂,利用Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法研究了这3种絮凝剂的铝形态分布.结果表明,3种系列有机硅铝复合絮凝剂中,硅源、碱化度(B)、Si/Al摩尔比对铝形态分布都有影响.其中,碱化度对铝形态的影响较大.3种产品表现出类似的变化趋势.随碱化度的增大,Al,含量呈现下降趋势,而Alh和AIr含量则明显上升.以TEOS为硅源的产品中,Al为主要形态;以DEDMS为硅源的产品中,硅源对铝形态的影响不明显;以APDES为硅源的产品中.Alh则为主要形态,其含量随Si/Al摩尔比的增大而增多.     

脱硫石膏对酸化森林土壤短期修复效果的研究

以电厂脱硫石膏为修复剂,选取重庆铁山坪地区典型的酸化森林土壤为修复对象,进行了为期1 a的修复效果研究.对不同土层土壤溶液pH值、主要阴阳离子和重金属浓度的动态变化展开观测,并对土壤和脱硫石膏的重金属含量进行分析,以评价脱硫石膏的修复效果及存在的风险.结果表明,与对照样地相比,修复样地各层土壤溶液Ca2＋和SO24-的浓度随时间依次升高,pH值也略有上升,且年均n（Ca）/n（Al）摩尔比从2.16、1.35和0.88升高到2.58、1.52和1.12.土壤溶液中As、Cu、Cr、Ni和Zn的浓度并未检测到明显上升,只是Cr、Ni和Zn在土壤上层出现了轻微富集.脱硫石膏的处理对酸化土壤起到了改良作用,且未造成土壤溶液重金属浓度明显的升高,但重金属在土壤层的积累会造成潜在的风险,需要进一步开展研究.     

Al/BN封严涂层在盐雾环境中的腐蚀性能及表面特征研究

目的 研究Al/BN封严涂层在海洋环境下的腐蚀历程。方法 使用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电化学等测试方法,对Al/BN封严涂层在盐雾环境中的腐蚀行为、形貌、显微结构、相组成及耐腐蚀等性能进行研究,分析Al/BN封严涂层在盐雾试验中的电化学腐蚀过程。结果 在96 h盐雾试验中,Al/BN封严涂层的腐蚀过程分为2个阶段,分别为孔蚀形成期和孔蚀发展期。在前72 h的盐雾腐蚀时间里,Al/BN封严涂层的腐蚀产物对于孔洞的堵塞越来越严重,自腐蚀电流密度也处于下降状态,表明Al/BN封严涂层的腐蚀产物有效地阻止了腐蚀速度的加剧。在第2阶段,阻抗值有所下降,是因为腐蚀产物龟裂或孔洞内局部酸化造成。结论 Al/BN涂层的腐蚀产物对Al/BN封严涂层的自腐蚀速率有比较大的影响。     

Fractionation of residual Al in natural water treatment from reservoir with poly-aluminum-silicate-chloride (PASiC): Effect of OH/Al, Si/Al molar ratios and initial pH

An aluminum fractionation study was conducted for a surface reservoir water treatment to understand the performance of poly-aluminum-silicate-chloride (PASiC) in terms of the residual Al fractions as a function of initial pH. The coagulation performance expressed as turbidity and organic matter removal was established as supporting data. Some extra data were evaluated in terms of the residual Al ratio of the composite PASiC coagulant. The main residual Al sources were the Al fractions derived from the use of PASiC. The turbidity and organic matter removal ability was optimal at initial pH 6.00-7.00, while the concentrations of various residual Al species and the residual Al ratio of PASiC were minimal at an initial pH range of 7.00-8.00. Under the conditions of OH/Al molar ratio = 2.00 and Si/Al molar ratio = 0.05, PASiC had superior coagulation performance and comparatively low residual Al concentrations. The Al fraction in the composite PASiC coagulant seldom remained under such conditions. Experimental data also indicated that the suspended (filterable) Al fraction was the dominant species, and organic-bound or organo-Al complex Al was considered to be the major species of dissolved Al in water treated by PASiC coagulation. Additionally, the dissolved inorganic monomeric Al species dominated the dissolved monomeric Al fraction.     

Effect of manufacturing methods of AgCl/Al2O3 catalyst on selective catalytic reduction of NOx

The AgCl/Al2O3 catalyst has potential for use in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx. A compound hydrocarbon, following oxygenation is used as a type of reducing agent. In this experiment, the AgCl/Al2O3 catalyst was produced by four different methods, and the differences among their reduction catalysis of NOx were compared. Ethanol was used as a type of reducing agent. X-ray diffraction analysis was performed to study the crystalline structure and scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were applied to determine the microindentation. The results indicated that, in the range of 350–400°C, there was no significant difference on the NOx reduction rate; however, there was dispersion at high and low temperature ranges. The size of the AgCl particles was about 20–100 nm.     

Mg/Al LDH对UO22+的高效吸附研究

由于放射性污染物的不合理处置及核泄漏事件的发生,对生态环境和人类健康造成了严重危害.本研究采用共沉淀法制备了不同Mg/Al比(物质的量比)的Mg/Al LDH(层状双氢氧化物),研究其对UO_2~(2+)的吸附行为.同时,考察了吸附剂投加量、p H、吸附时间、初始浓度对吸附的影响,并采用XRD、FTIR、SEM、XPS等技术对吸附前后LDH材料进行表征与分析.结果表明:Mg/Al比为2∶1的Mg/Al LDH对UO_2~(2+)吸附效果要比Mg/Al比为4∶1的Mg/Al LDH好,Mg/Al比为2∶1和4∶1的Mg/Al LDH对UO_2~(2+)吸附容量分别为301.28和263.85 mg·g-1,对UO_2~(2+)具有优良的吸附性能,可以作为高浓度放射性污染废水的吸附材料和核泄漏事件的应急吸附材料.Mg/Al LDH对UO_2~(2+)的吸附更符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和Pseudo-second-order动力学模型.吸附后Mg/Al LDH的Mg/Al比降低,Mg/Al LDH对UO_2~(2+)的吸附机理是UO_2~(2+)与材料中氢氧根、碳酸根相互作用,形成三元的络合物而被去除.