基于二次铝灰的地聚反应稳固化垃圾飞灰

基于工业生产铝过程中回收的二次铝灰（SAD）的地质聚合反应,提出了一种稳固化城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰（MSWIFA）的新方法,分析硅铝物质的量之比对飞灰中重金属浸出浓度及地聚物固化体力学性能的影响规律.结果表明,当硅铝物质的量之比小于2.5时,二次铝灰-SiO₂基固化体与偏高岭土-SiO₂基固化体中的重金属浸出浓度均随着硅铝物质的量之比的增加而逐渐降低,2种固化体的抗压强度随着硅铝物质的量之比的增加而增加;硅铝物质的量之比达到2.5时,重金属的浸出浓度与固化体的抗压强度均趋于稳定.XRD分析结果显示,偏高岭土-SiO₂基固化体中聚合物的种类与数量均略高于二次铝灰-SiO₂基固化体.但从重金属的浸出浓度与固化体的抗压强度来看,2类固化体对飞灰中重金属的稳固化效果的差别很小,二次铝灰加上部分硅基材料可以作为偏高岭土的替代品,用于稳固化飞灰重金属的地质聚合反应中.二次铝灰-SiO₂基固化体的抗压强度达到13.65MPa,具备一定的力学性能,可用于部分特定的建筑材料.     

一种turn-on型Al3+荧光探针及其活体生物检测

设计、合成一种联水杨醛席夫碱荧光探针,并对其结构表征.光谱实验表明,在甲醇溶液中,该探针可实现对Al³⁺的turn-on检测,在识别Al³⁺后,荧光强度增强约110倍,并具有良好的离子选择性.荧光滴定实验中,Al³⁺浓度在25~55μmol/L范围内,荧光强度与浓度呈良好线性相关,探针对Al³⁺检出限为5.4×10^-9mol/L,低于世界卫生组织对饮用水中Al³⁺含量最低标准（7.4×10^-6mol/L）.高分辨质谱数据表明,探针分子与Al³⁺的络合比例为2：1.在活体生物Al³⁺检测中,探针具有良好的生物相容性,表明其在水体及生物体Al³⁺检测中具有一定的应用前景.     

涡轮叶片NiCoCrAlYTa涂层抗高温氧化和腐蚀性能测试研究

目的保障涡轮叶片的安全可靠应用,研究NiCoCrAlYTa涂层的高温氧化和燃气热腐蚀行为。方法针对有无涂层的涡轮叶片试样,分别进行1050℃/100 h的抗氧化试验和950℃/100 h的燃气热腐蚀试验,同时分析试验后合金基体和涂层的微观形貌。结果抗氧化试验后,无涂层试样的平均氧化皮脱落量和平均氧化速率分别是带涂层试样的10倍和3倍左右,无涂层试样叶身表面可见大量氧化皮脱落形成的凹坑,带涂层试样的涂层完好,基体未见氧化特征。燃气热腐蚀试验后,无涂层试样的腐蚀速率是带涂层试样的3倍,无涂层试样叶身表面可见较多腐蚀坑,有涂层试样的涂层未被明显腐蚀。结论 NiCoCrAlYTa涂层在经过长时间高温氧化和腐蚀后仍能形成完整的Al_2O_3膜,从而起到较好的保护作用。Ta、Y等元素对Al_2O_3氧化膜的形成及质量具有促进作用。     

Al改性柠条生物炭对P的吸附特性及其机制

为高效利用生物质能源,以常见农林废弃物柠条为原料,在650℃、3h条件下,采用限氧热裂解法制备生物炭,通过直接修饰法用Al改性柠条生物炭,进行批量吸附P实验.利用4种等温吸附模型（Langmuir、Freundlich模型、Temkim、D-R模型）和4种吸附动力学模型（准一级动力学、准二级动力学、Elovich模型、颗粒内扩散模型）以及pH值、添加量影响试验,探讨Al改性生物炭对P的吸附特性.同时,使用FTIR红外、元素分析、SEM和比表面积及孔径分析等技术表征了生物炭的理化性质,揭示了Al改性生物炭对P的吸附机理,并对比了多种改性生物炭对P的吸附效果.结果表明：柠条生物炭（NB）对P的吸附量很低,Al改性柠条生物炭（Al-NB）最佳改性比例为0.2：1,对P的吸附量是NB的8.35倍.Langmuir模型能够很好的描述Al-NB对P的等温吸附过程;Al-NB对P的吸附动力学符合准一级动力学模型,说明其吸附通过边界扩散完成的单层吸附.Al-NB对P的理论最大吸附量为19.97mg/g,平衡时间为24h.随着添加量的增大,Al-NB对P的吸附量不断减小,去除率逐渐增加,2.5g/L为最佳添加量;最适pH为4～10,当pH=7时,达到最大;吸附P后,溶液的pH值向中性范围倾靠,有一定缓冲作用.吸附机理包括：静电吸附作用,配体交换（羟基）,P与阴离子（NO₃^-）交换,颗粒内表面络合作用等.以期为水体富营养化治理提供科学依据.     

高铝粉煤灰脱硅反应工艺优化及机理探讨

为探究高铝粉煤灰脱硅最佳工艺条件及了解其脱硅过程物相转化机理,通过正交试验研究了w(NaOH)(10%~30%)、灰碱比(质量比,取1∶0.3~1∶2.0)、时间(1.0~4.0 h)和温度(90~150 ℃)对脱硅效率及铝硅比(质量比)的影响. 结果表明:w(NaOH)为20%、灰碱比为1∶0.5、反应时间为2.0 h、反应温度为120 ℃是粉煤灰脱硅反应的最佳条件;在最佳条件下铝硅比由原灰的1.23升至2.02以上,脱硅效率达38.6%.反应温度、灰碱比、碱液浓度、时间对脱硅率的影响依次减弱. 通过定量X射线衍射(XRD)分析了脱硅前后物相的变化,当温度高于120 ℃时,有大量方钠石形成,并且方钠石生成量(X)与铝硅比(Y)呈显著负相关,有Y=-0.012 8X+2.03 (R2=0.930,P<0.01). 由扫描电镜(SEM)对粉煤灰脱硅前后的表观形貌变化观察可知,粉煤灰在脱硅过程中非晶态SiO₂部分溶解,从而进一步证实了方钠石的生成是影响脱硅效率的关键因素.      

Acidification of a solonetzic soil by nitrogenous fertilizers

Abstract

Annual applications of (NH₄)₂SO₄ NH₄NO₃ and urea on a Solonetzic soil at 112 kg N/ha for 10 consecutive years reduced pH levels from 5.6 for the check to 4.4, 4.9 and 5.3, respectively for (NH₄)₂SO₄, NH₄NO₃ and urea. (NH₄)₂SO₄ generated twice as much exchange acidity as NH₄NO₃ and four times as much as urea. Net extractable cations leached from the Ap horizon closely approximated the amount of exchange acidity generated by (NH₄)₂SO₄ and NH₄NO₃ fertilizers. The levels of soil extractable Al and Mn were greatly enhanced by (NH₄)₂SO₄ as were plant contents. Similar acidifying effects to that produced by the (NH₄)₂SO₄ occurred when NH₄NO₃ was applied at 300 kg N/ha annually for 12 consecutive years in another field experiment on the same soil. Liming samples of the field (NH₄)₂SO₄ acidified soils in the greenhouse, significantly increased yields and lowered the Al and Mn contents of the plants to normal levels.     

Hydroforming of locally heat treated tubes

In tube hydroforming, the process chain can be very long as it may involve several pre-forming operations (e.g. bending, crushing, end forming, etc.) which are usually followed by an intermediate annealing stage. Conventional annealing is performed in batches and it is often perceived as a long, relatively expensive and non-environmentally friendly operation. For this reason, in this paper local intermediate heat treatment is proposed as a promising alternative solution, in order to reduce the throughput process time. The study has been carried out on a real tubular motorcycle part, by performing both experiments and numerical simulations, in order to verify whether local annealing can be an effective substitute of conventional global annealing. Several alternative ways of locally heat treating an Al6060 tube right before hydroforming have been investigated. The results demonstrate that a feasible solution can be found, with local heat treatment of relatively small portions of the tube.     

Aluminium in tea plantations: mobility in soils and plants, and the influence of nitrogen fertilization

The levels of extractable aluminum (Al) in soils of tea plantations, Al concentrations in tea leaves and the impact of nitrogen fertilization on these two parameters were investigated. In addition, the properties of soils from tea plantations were compared to those from soils of adjacent non-tea fields to evaluate the effect of land use conversion (from non-tea soils to tea soils). Exchangeable Al (extracted in 1 mol l⁻¹ KCl) ranged from 0.03 to 7.32 cmol_c kg⁻¹ in 94 tea fields and decreased rapidly with increasing soil pH. In comparison with non-tea soils, tea soils had a significantly lower pH and exchangeable Mg²⁺ concentration but higher organic matter contents and exchangeable K⁺ concentration. Contents of extractable Al were not different (P > 0.05) between these two soils. The concentrations of Al in mature tea leaves correlated significantly with exchangeable Al in soil samples taken at a depth of 20–40 cm and with exchangeable Al saturations in soil sampled at␣depths of 0–20 and 20–40 cm. In the pot experiment, nitrogen fertilization significantly increased extractable Al levels but decreased soil pH and the levels of exchangeable base cations. Nevertheless, the levels of Al in mature leaves and young shoots were significantly reduced by the application of large amounts of N fertilizer.     

低pH、铝及钙铝比对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)的生理生化影响

为探讨酸沉降对生物早期伤害的机理,研究不同ＰＨ条件下,铝及钙／铝比对斜生栅藻与磷和氮营养代谢有关酶活性的影响,结果表明,铝对酸性磷酶和硝酸还原酶活性有显著抑制作用,当ＰＨ为６．８和５．２,铝２为０．７ｍｇ／Ｌ时,酸性磷酸酶活性仅分别为对照组的４６％和５６％,而硝酸还原酶活性仅为对照组的３７％和３０％当培养基中适当量的钙离子,会一定程度保护藻细胞中这２个酶活性不受低ＰＨ及铝的伤害,钙的缓解作用取决于     

CuO/γ-Al_2O_3负载型催化剂催化燃烧处理油烟

采用等体积漫渍法制备不同CuO负载量的CuO/γ-Al2O3负载型催化剂,用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜对该催化剂负载层活性组分的表面形态、晶相结构和颗粒大小进行表征,考察了该催化荆催化燃烧处理油烟的催化活性(以油烟净化效率表征).结果显示,催化活性随CuO负载量的增加.反应温度的升高而提高,但随烟气流量的增大而降低;在CuO负载量为20%(质量分数)、反应温度为350℃.烟气流量为5 L/min的最佳实验条件下,CuO/γ-Al2O3负载型催化剂的油烟净化效率最高.可达88.6%.该催化剂对油烟的催化燃烧具有较高的催化活性.