V~(5+)/TiO_2-SiO_2-GF复合光催化剂制备及降解甲醛的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯TiO2、TiO2-SiO2、V5+/TiO2-SiO2光催化剂,并分别负载于玻璃纤维布上,利用X射线衍射(XRD)和比表面及孔隙度(BET)分析技术对样品进行了表征。以甲醛的降解率来评价复合光催化剂的光催化活性。结果表明:玻璃纤维布预处理方式、TiO2与SiO2的复合配比、V的掺杂量、煅烧温度对纳米TiO2的光催化活性有影响。V5+/TiO2-SiO2复合光催化剂比表面积为143.74 m2/g,晶粒粒径为16.9 nm。     

BiOBr/RGO/硅藻土复合催化剂的制备及其在可见光条件下催化降解甲醛气体

使用溶剂热法成功地制备了由BiOBr、还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)和硅藻土组成的三元复合光催化剂,应用XRD、SEM、XPS 、UV–Vis、BET和ESR等方法对催化剂进行了表征,并研究了其在可见下光催化降解甲醛气体的性能和催化机理。结果表明,硅藻土和BiOBr的质量比为1.5时,所制得的复合光催化剂对甲醛气体的光催化降解效率最高,3 h可达89.6%,其应用的最适宜空气相对湿度为45%。经过4个循环的重复使用后,复合光催化剂的催化性能衰减很小。复合光催化剂降解甲醛气体的主要活性物种为羟基自由基和光生空穴,其高催化性能主要得益于硅藻土吸附富集了低浓度甲醛气体以及RGO增加了光生载流子的分离效率。本研究结果可为开发可见下光催化降解甲醛气体工艺开发提供参考。     

可见光激发下模拟海水中四环素光降解的机制和路径

为了探明海水体系中多相光催化降解污染物的机制和路径,研究了在可见光激发下不同介孔TiO₂光催化降解纯水和模拟海水中四环素(TC)的过程,明确了不同盐离子对光催化降解过程的影响.结合自由基捕获实验,电子自旋共振(ESR)光谱和中间产物分析研究了光降解污染物的主要活性物种和模拟海水中TC降解途径.结果表明,模拟海水中TC光催化过程会受到显著抑制,手性介孔TiO₂催化剂对TC光降解反应速率相比其在纯水体系降低了70%左右,而非手性TiO₂光催化剂在海水体系中几乎不能降解TC.模拟海水中阴离子对光降解过程影响较小,但Mg²⁺和Ca²⁺存在会显著抑制光催化过程.无论在纯水还是模拟海水中,可见光激发后催化剂产生的活性物种都是空穴为主,因此模拟海水中降解路径与纯水体系中相同.盐离子不会抑制活性物种的产生,但Mg²⁺和Ca²⁺会富集在TC分子中电负性强的原子周边,阻碍空穴等对TC分子中电负性强原子的攻击,从而抑制了光催化降解效率.     

Photocatalytic degradation of p,p′-DDT under UV and visible light using interstitial N-doped TiO2

1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (or p,p′-DDT) is one of the most persistent pesticides. It is resistant to breakdown in nature and cause the water contamination problem. In this work, a major objective was to demonstrate the application of N-doped TiO₂ in degradation and mineralization of the p,p′-DDT under UV and visible light in aqueous solution. The N-doped TiO₂ nanopowders were prepared by a simple modified sol–gel procedure using diethanolamine (DEA) as a nitrogen source. The catalyst characteristics were investigated using XRD, SEM, TEM, and XPS. The adsorption and photocatalytic oxidation of p,p′-DDT using the synthesized N-doped TiO₂ under UV and visible light were conducted in a batch photocatalytic experiment. The kinetics and p,p′-DDT degradation performance of the N-doped TiO₂ were evaluated. Results show that the N-doped TiO₂ can degrade p,p′-DDT effectively under both UV and visible lights. The rate constant of the p,p′-DDT degradation under UV light was only 0.0121 min^?1, whereas the rate constant of the p,p′-DDT degradation under visible light was 0.1282 min^?1. Under visible light, the 100% degradation of p,p′-DDT were obtained from N-doped TiO₂ catalyst. The reaction rate of p,p′-DDT degradation using N-doped TiO₂ under visible light was sixfold higher than that under UV light. According to Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, the adsorption equilibrium constant (K) for the N-doped TiO₂ under visible light was 0.03078 L mg^?1, and the apparent reaction rate constant (k) was 1.3941 mg L^?1-min. Major intermediates detected during the p,p′-DDT degradation were p,p′-DDE, o,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD and p,p′-DDD. Results from this work can be applied further for the breakdown of p,p′-DDT molecule in the real contaminated water using this technology.     

泡沫镍负载纳米ZnO-SnO2光催化降解三氯乙烯

采用比较简单的共沉淀法技术制备了纳米ZnO-SnO2复合氧化物光催化剂,并将其负载在泡沫镍上制成了负载型纳米光催化剂,以三氯乙烯为挥发性有机物的模型反应物,研究了反应气流速、湿度等因素对反应的影响,同时考察了催化剂的失活特征,结果表明该负载型纳米光催化剂具有较高的光催化活性,同时具有较强的抗失活性能,在205h反应中没有出现失活现象．     

负载型TiO2固定相光催化降解水中偏二甲肼

以多孔硅胶为载体，采用简单工艺制得的负载型化剂ＴｉＯ２，经实验证明，具有催化活性良好，性能稳定，不易脱落，可重复使用等优点，在紫外光条件下降解水中偏二甲肼，光照２h降解率达到６５％，通入空气，加入Ｃｕ＾２＋Ｈ２Ｏ２等都有利于偏二甲肼的降解，光照２h的降解率分别提高到７０％。９０％和９５％。     

Synthesis of SnO2 quantum dots mediated by Camellia sinensis shoots for degradation of thiamethoxam

Abstract

A novel method of synthesis of tin dioxide quantum dots employing Camellia sinensis shoots as reducing agent and stabilizer is presented. The quantum dots were characterized by UV spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The crystalline tin dioxide quantum dots with an average size of 4.3?nm were of flake like morphology capped by phenolic compounds of Camellia sinensis. The quantum dots were employed for the photocatalytic degradation of thiamethoxam resulting in 57% degradation within 45 mins.     

纳米RuO2－TiO2光电催化处理农药废水研究

采用自制的负载型纳米RuO₂－TiO₂光催化剂对农药厂生产废水进行光电催化降解试验。考察了煅烧时间、催化剂用量、光辐照强度、电流密度、废水初始pH值和反应时间对废水COD和色度去除率的影响。结果表明，自制光催化剂光电催化性能显著，最佳光电催化活性是同样降解条件下、同样含量的Degussa P－25 TiO₂的1.38倍，是Ru_0.3Ti_0.7O₂的1.81倍。其COD和色度去除率分别为64.3%和95.2%。     

太阳光下TiO2/SiO2气凝胶复合光催化剂光催化降解2,4-二硝基酚

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法(so1-ge1)和常压干燥法制备SiO2气凝胶,在此基础上,将硅气凝胶掺杂进入TiO2溶胶中制备出TiO2/SiO2气凝胶复合光催化剂.利用xRD、TEM和FI-IR等技术对其晶型、形貌和结构进行表征,研究了太阳光下TiO2/SiO2气凝胶复合光催化荆对2,4-二硝基苯...     

Preparation and characterization of ZnO/ZnS hybrid photocatalysts via microwave-hydrothermal method

The photocatalytic performance of ZnO/ZnS hybrid nanocomposite was largely higher than that of the mere ZnO or ZnS nanoparticles, but the complicated procedure and misdistribution of final products limited its large-scale productions. The exploration of a novel synthesis route of ZnO/ZnS hybrid photocatalysts with high catalytic performance is becoming a crucial step for the large-scale application of ZnO/ZnS hybrid photocatalytic technique. Preparation and characterization of nanosized ZnO/ZnS hybrid photocatalysts were studied in this paper. The photocatalysts were obtained via microwave-hydrothermal crystallization with the help of sodium citrate. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size distribution (PSD), and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results indicated that so-synthesized ZnO/ZnS samples consisted of the high pure cubic (sphalerite) ZnS and hexagonal ZnO nanocrystallines with a narrow particle size distribution. The possible formation mechanisms of ZnO/ZnS nanocrystallines were mainly attributed to the superficially protective effect of citrate. The photocatalytic experiments demonstrated that the ZnO/ZnS photocatalysts exhibited a higher catalytic activity for the degradation of acid fuchsine than other monocomponents.