Alkaline phosphatase activity in amniotic fluid in pregnancies with fetal disorders

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was determined in 255 amniotic fluid samples collected by amniocentesis between 15 and 39 weeks of gestation. The samples were originally used for chromosomal analysis and/or alpha-fetoprotein measurements. The mean ALP activity in early amniotic fluid from pregnancies with fetal trisomy 18 and 21 syndromes was half of that found in the controls. Highly elevated ALP activity (over 10 times the median level) was found in 14 samples. Two of these pregnancies had normal outcome. Three samples were from pregnancies with intrauterine fetal death. Fetal disorders, including abdominal wall defect (four cases), Meckel's syndrome (two), hydrops fetalis syndrome (two) and genital anomaly (one), were observed in nine cases. Moderately elevated ALP activity (over three times the median) was found in 10 cases, including five pregnancies with a preterm labour shortly after the sample collection. The results indicate that elevated ALP activity in the third trimester amniotic fluid is often associated with fetal disorders.     

铝盐去除浓缩脱水污泥水中悬浮物和磷的效果研究

采用混凝沉淀法处理污泥水中的悬浮固体和磷,考察了聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚硫氯化铝(PACS)以及PAC和阴离子聚丙烯酰胺(aPAM)复配不同投加量对污泥水沉降性能和磷去除的影响。实验结果表明,PAC和PACS混凝处理污泥水效果基本一致,会恶化污泥水沉降,且随PAC投药量的增加,污泥水SV30越大。PAC与aPAM复配混凝处理污泥水,也难以改善污泥水的沉降性能。结果表明,铝盐混凝剂不适合同步去除污泥水悬浮固体和磷,建议先寻求其它混凝剂改善污泥水沉降再用铝盐除磷。     

Comparative cytotoxicity of nanoparticles and ions to Escherichia coli in binary mixtures

The objective of this study was to understand toxicity of mixture of nanoparticles (NPs) (ZnO and TiO₂) and their ions to Escherichia coli. Results indicated the decrease in percentage growth of E. coli with the increase in concentration of NPs both in single and mixture setups. Even a small concentration of 1 mg/L was observed to be significantly toxic to E. coli in binary mixture setup (exposure concentration: 1 mg/L ZnO and 1 mg/L TiO₂; 21.15% decrease in plate count concentration with respect to control). Exposure of E. coli to mixture of NPs at 1000 mg/L (i.e., 1000 mg/L ZnO and 1000 mg/L TiO₂) resulted in 99.63% decrease in plate count concentration with respect to control. Toxic effects of ions to E. coli were found to be lesser than their corresponding NPs. The percentage growth reduction was found to be 36% for binary mixture of zinc and titanium ions at the highest concentration (i.e., 803.0 mg/L Zn and 593.3 mg/L Ti where ion concentrations are equal to the Zn ions present in 1000 mg/L ZnO NP solution and Ti^+ 4 ions present in 1000 mg/L TiO₂ NP solution). Nature of mixture toxicity of the two NPs to E. coli was found to be antagonistic. The alkaline phosphatase (Alp) assay indicated that the maximum damage was observed when E. coli was exposed to 1000 mg/L of mixture of NPs. This study tries to fill the knowledge gap on information of toxicity of mixture of NPs to bacteria which has not been reported earlier.     

新型膜生物反应器处理印染废水的研究

印染废水在工业废水中占有较大的比重,其成分复杂,污染物浓度高、难于降解,因而也是处理难度大、治理费用高的废水。本试验将膜生物反应器与活性炭技术结合应用,着重研究其在处理印染废水时的规律和活性炭去除色度的作用。通过厌氧槽内厌氧微生物的处理,好氧反应器中好氧活性污泥与PAC的综合处理,中空纤维膜的过滤,用新型膜生物反应器处理印染废水,使出水达到排放标准,并对实验结果以及各处理单元的贡献及作用进行了分析研究。     

纳米TiO2-PAC复合絮凝剂的制备及絮凝效果研究

将溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO2粉体与缓慢加碱法制得的PAC通过超声反应聚合制得纳米TiO2-PAC复合絮凝剂。通过絮凝实验表明：TiO2-PAC无论是在去除悬浮物,还是在降低CODG和色度方面,均优于普通PAC和AlCl30絮凝过程是纳米TiO2的强吸附作用和PAC的吸附电中和、吸附架桥和沉淀网捕作用共同作用的结果。     

强化混凝技术处理生活污水的试验研究

通过烧杯搅拌试验,以聚合氯化铝(PAC)和FeC13为混凝剂对华东交通大学排放口生活污水进行混凝处理研究,考察在不同混凝条件、混凝剂投加量、pH下浊度、COD、TP的去除率.研究表明:在最佳混凝条件下PAC投加量为105mg/L时浊度、COD、TP的去除率分别为96.2%、67.4%、94.8%;FeCl3最佳投加量为...     

A new method of inhibiting pollutant release from source water reservoir sediment by adding chemical stabilization agents combined with water-lifting aerator

A new method of adding chemical stabilization agents combined with water-lifting aerator can inhibit pollutant release from source water reservoir sediment effectively.     

Removal of cyanide adsorbed on pyrite by H2O2 oxidation under alkaline conditions

Large amounts of cyanide tailings are produced during the cyanidation process in gold extraction,which are hazardous solid wastes due to the toxic cyanide.Pyrite is one of the main minerals in cyanide tailings.The removal of cyanide adsorbed on pyrite by H_2O_2 oxidation under alkaline conditions was investigated in this study.It was found that the removal efficiency was positively correlated with pH from 5 to 12,but remained almost constant when pH was higher than 12.The highest cyanide removal efficiency of 91.10% was achieved by adding no less than 0.6 wt.% of H_2O_2.Cyanide removal was positively correlated with the CN~-adsorption amount between 1.06 and 8.5 mg/g,and temperature between 25 and 85°C.The removal of cyanide adsorbed on pyrite by H_2O_2 oxidation under alkaline conditions was due to the oxidation of pyrite.Hexacyanoferrate,thiocyanate and sulfate were generated with mole ratios of about 2.03:1.12:3.17 during the cyanide removal.?2018 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

聚合氯化铝对污泥脱水性能研究

采用聚合氯化铝(PAC)作为化学调理剂,对浓缩池污泥进行调理.以污泥比阻为主要指标考察了投药量、调理剂浓度、pH值和搅拌强度对污泥过滤脱水性能的影响;同时,考察了污泥经过沉降后上清液的浊度变化.调理实验结果表明,PAC的适宜调理参数为:投加量25 mL,浓度6％,pH为7(未调节),快速搅拌速度130rpm,慢速搅拌速度50 rpm.污泥经PAC调理后,比阻降低到3.2×1014 m/kg.     

环氧氯丙烷-二甲胺聚合物和聚合氯化铝用于印染废水的处理

用不同碱化度(B)的聚合氯化铝(PAC)和不同粘度(η)的环氧氯丙烷-二甲胺聚合物(EPI-DMA)以及PAC-EPI-DMA复合絮凝剂处理印染废水.考察了药品投量,投加方式对脱色效果的影响.探讨了PAC的B值及EPI-DMA的η值对PAC-EPI-DMA絮凝性能的影响.结果表明,PAC-EPI-DMA复合絮凝剂较PAC和EPI-DMA絮凝剂具有较低的投加量和较好的脱色效果;B=1.5,η=1600的PAC-EPI-DMA具有较好的脱色效果和COD去除率,当废水的pH=4-7时处理效果较好.