铝型材碱洗废液再生工艺研究

针对铝型材表面处理工艺中产生大量碱洗废液,而且含有“长寿碱蚀剂”,提出了生石灰处理工艺。该工艺简单,效果好,铝去除率最高可达９７％,碱回收率可在８０％左右,可以实现工业化生产。同时,该法原料价格低廉易得,实现闭路循环,其副产品ＣａＣｌ２·２Ｈ２Ｏ,Ａｌ２(ＳＯ４)３·１８Ｈ２Ｏ和ＣａＳＯ４等均具有较高利用价值,可以达到良好的社会效益与经济效益      

粘土矿复合聚合氯化铝凝聚给水中的藻类

采用粘土矿复合聚合氯化铝 (PAC)对凝聚给水中的藻类进行了研究 .结果表明 ,粘土矿的加入不仅可显著增加絮体的密实度 ,加快其沉降速度 ,使沉淀后的活藻絮体在微扰动下不再漂浮上升 ,从而可有效阻止堵塞滤池 ,而且使沉淀后的底泥体积减少了 31 % ,沉降后出水中叶绿素a的浓度降到 1 3μg·l- 1 ,铝的含量低于 0 2mg·l- 1 .     

硅藻土强化混凝去除铜绿微囊藻的影响因素研究

以原水中常见的铜绿微囊藻为研究对象,研究了联合硅藻土与聚合氯化铝(PAC)强化混凝去除铜绿微囊藻的效果.考察了PAC和硅藻土的投加量、溶液pH值、天然有机物腐植酸(HA)对藻和浊度去除的影响,并用zeta电位分析方法对混凝剂的静电中和能力进行表征.结果表明:硅藻土具有良好的助凝作用,投加其有助于改善絮体的沉降性能,提高铜绿微囊藻的混凝去除效果,PAC为6mg/L,pH值为7~8,硅藻土投加量为30mg/L时,叶绿素a(Chl-a)去除率可达96%,剩余浊度低于0.9NTU. HA存在会明显抑制铜绿微囊藻的混凝去除,当HA浓度大于1.0mg/L时, Chl-a去除率大幅度下降同时剩余浊度明显上升,硅藻土的投加可以在一定程度上缓解负面作用.     

Effectiveness of tertiary treatment processes in removing different classes of emerging contaminants from domestic wastewater

● Different advanced treatment processes were tested for ECs removal from wastewater. ● UV radiation showed low to moderate removal for 5 of the 38 micropollutants. ● Among tested membrane processes, nanofiltration showed the better performance. ● The use of PAC achieved high or partially removal for 31 out of the 38 compounds. ● The environmental and economical evaluation of a pilot-scale PAC unit is suggested. In this work, 38 different organic emerging contaminants (ECs), belonging to various chemical classes such as pharmaceuticals (PhCs), endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), benzotriazoles (BTRs), benzothiazoles (BTHs), and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), were initially identified and quantified in the biologically treated wastewater collected from Athens’ (Greece) Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). Processes already used in existing STPs such as microfiltration (MF), nanofiltration (NF), ultrafiltration (UF), UV radiation, and powdered activated carbon (PAC) were assessed for ECs’ removal, under the conditions that represent their actual application for disinfection or advanced wastewater treatment. The results indicated that MF removed only one out of the 38 ECs and hence it was selected as pretreatment step for the other processes. UV radiation in the studied conditions showed low to moderate removal for 5 out of the 38 ECs. NF showed better results than UF due to the smaller pore sizes of the filtration system. However, this enhancement was observed mainly for 8 compounds originating from the classes of PhCs and PFCs, while the removal of EDCs was not statistically significant. Among the various studied technologies, PAC stands out due to its capability to sufficiently remove most ECs. In particular, removal rates higher than 70% were observed for 9 compounds, 22 were partially removed, while 7 demonstrated low removal rates. Based on our screening experiments, future research should focus on scaling-up PAC in actual conditions, combining PAC with other processes, and conduct a complete economic and environmental assessment of the treatment.     

人造毛皮生产中恶臭气体的处理

分析了人造毛皮生产中恶臭气体的来源、特点,提出了水吸收与碱吸收相结合的处理工艺。试运转结果表明, 该工艺合理,操作管理简单,具有较好的处理效果。     

Waste management issues for the UK ready-mixed concrete industry

The UK government has recognised the vital contribution that the construction industry has to play in contributing towards sustainable development. While the issue of hardened concrete waste has received considerable attention, process waste arising from the manufacture of ready-mixed concrete is relatively unexplored. It is apparent that initiatives such as the landfill tax have encouraged UK ready-mixed concrete manufacturers to reduce substantially the amount of waste they produce. Environmental pressures continue to increase and ready-mixed concrete producers are being forced towards a closed loop production system.     

UF膜与混凝粉末活性炭联用处理微污染原水

采用混凝、粉末活性炭和UF膜分离的联用技术对黄浦江原水进行试验 ,结果表明 ,混凝、粉末活性炭可有效地去除溶解性有机物 .混凝处理主要去除大分子量的有机物 ,粉末活性炭主要去除低分子量的有机物 .混凝、粉末活性炭还能有效地去除三氯甲烷生成潜能 (THMFP) ,对于低分子量的THMFP ,混凝去除效果很差 ,而粉末活性炭去除很好 .试验还表明 ,混凝、粉末活性炭还可大大降低膜的滤饼层阻力 ,当混凝剂投加量为 4mg/L时 ,膜的滤饼层阻力最小 .     

Remediation of copper-contaminated topsoils from a wood treatment facility using in situ stabilisation

Five organic matters, three phosphate compounds, zerovalent iron grit (ZVIG, 2% by soil weight), two alkaline compounds, and two commercial formulations were incorporated, singly and some combined with ZVIG, into a highly Cu-contaminated topsoil (Soil P7, 2600 mg Cu kg⁻¹) from a wood treatment facility. Formulations and two composts were also singly incorporated into a slightly Cu-contaminated topsoil (Soil P10, 118 mg Cu kg⁻¹) from the facility surrounding. This aimed to reduce the labile pool of Cu and its accumulation in beans cultivated on potted soils in a climatic chamber. Lowest Cu concentration in soil solution occurred in P7 soils amended with activated carbon (5%) and ZVIG, singly and combined. Basic slag (3.9%) and compost of sewage sludge (5%) combined with ZVIG promoted shoot production and limited foliar Cu accumulation. For amended P10 soils, no changes occurred in soil solution and foliar Cu concentrations, but one compost increased shoot production.     

聚合氯化铝与有机高分子复合絮凝剂的形态分布研究——AlFerron和~(27)AlNMR相结合

主要研究了Ａｌ－Ｆｅｒｒｏｎ逐时络合比色法和＾２７Ａｌ－ＮＭＲ法应用于聚合铝与有机高分子复合絮凝剂形态分布的测定，结果表明，两种方法分别测定的Ａｌｂ和Ａｌ１３的结果具有一定的相关性；聚合铝与有机高分子复合后其形态分布发生了一定的变化，Ａｌｂ（或Ａｌ１３）的含量有所降低，但仍是优势形态，Ａｌａ（或Ａｌ单）的含量基本保持不变。     

粉末活性炭预处理对超滤膜通量的影响

研究了粉末活性炭预处理对改善超滤膜过滤通量的效果.试验采用了4种具有不同亲疏水性的水样,着重探讨粉末活性炭对有机物的疏水性和亲水性组分的去除效果以及所带来的通量改善.试验结果表明,对于4种水样,超滤膜直接过滤原水时,通量下降严重.虽然粉末活性炭预处理能在一定程度上提高通量,但通量下降的趋势仍未改善.对有机物各组分的分析表明,直接过滤原水时,膜主要截留疏水性有机物;粉末炭吸附主要去除亲水性有机物,而超滤膜过滤粉末炭处理水时,主要截留疏水性有机物.由此,超滤膜的通量下降主要是由疏水性有机物引起的,亲水性组分对通量的影响较小.