混凝法处理ADC发泡剂废水的研究

研究用碱式PAC和PAM处理发泡剂废水,考察了酸度、碱式PAC的用量、搅拌时间、PAM的用量、温度对CODCr去除的影响.实验结果表明:调解废水pH值在5～7之间,能够沉降大部分的悬浮物,出水澄清,CODCr明显降低;废水中加入的碱式PAC最佳量在1 700 mg·L-1,出水水质最好;搅拌时间20 min以上,出水水质基本稳定.     

炼油厂脱水浮选渣的综合利用研究

炼油厂污水车间浮选工序大部分采用铝盐作浮选剂，产生的浮选渣经离心脱水后会有比较高的油类有机物和一定量的铝化合物，非常适合于综合利用，使其中有用的物质得以资源化．本文介绍经三种方案──作为型煤添加剂、制取普通炼结砖、制取碱式氯化铝，对脱水后的浮选渣进行综合利用研究．结果表明，这三种方案完全可行，在消除浮选渣二次污染的同时，达到了变废为宝的目的．     

聚合氯化铝与有机高分子复合絮凝剂的形态分布研究--Al-Ferron和27Al-NMR相结合

主要研究了Al Ferron逐时络合比色法和2 7Al NMR法应用于聚合铝与有机高分子复合絮凝剂形态分布的测定 .结果表明 ,两种方法分别测定的Alb 和Al13 的结果具有一定的相关性 ;聚合铝与有机高分子复合后其形态分布发生了一定的变化 ,Alb(或Al13 )的含量有所降低 ,但仍是优势形态 ,Ala(或Al单)的含量基本保持不变 .     

壳聚糖三元接枝高分子絮凝剂对垃圾渗滤液生化处理出水的絮凝研究

采用壳聚糖三元接枝高分子絮凝剂(CAS)与聚合氯化铝(PAC)、磷酸镁铵沉淀法(MAP法)复配处理中山市老虎坑垃圾渗滤液生化处理出水.絮体粒径分布测试、絮体形态结构分析和Zata电位测定结果表明,CAS与PAC复配,可充分发挥CAS架桥和PAC电荷中和的协同作用,强化混凝过程,使细小的凝聚体形成体积庞大的絮状沉淀物,并在沉降过程中,网捕水体中的胶体颗粒,显著提高混凝效果.CAS和PAC的投加对NH4 -N脱氮的贡献甚微.采用MAP法与CAS、PAC复配,当投加量分别为50mg/LCAS、500 mg/LPAC、856 mg/LMgCl2·6H2O、1509 mg/LNa2HPO4·12H2O时,出水COD、色度分别小于300 mg/L、30倍,NH4 -N降至2 mg/L左右.     

Effect of Trichoderma viride biofertilizer on ammonia volatilization from an alkaline soil in Northern China

Ammonia(NH3) volatilization is one of the primary pathways of nitrogen(N) loss from soils after chemical fertilizer is applied, especially from the alkaline soils in Northern China, which results in lower efficiency for chemical fertilizers. Therefore, we conducted an incubation experiment using an alkaline soil from Tianjin(p H 8.37–8.43) to evaluate the suppression effect of Trichoderma viride(T. viride) biofertilizer on NH3 volatilization, and compared the differences in microbial community structure among all samples. The results showed that viable T. viride biofertilizer(T) decreased NH_3 volatilization by 42.21% compared with conventional fertilizer((CK), urea), while nonviable T. viride biofertilizer(TS) decreased NH_3 volatilization by 32.42%. NH_3 volatilization was significantly higher in CK and sweet potato starch wastewater(SPSW) treatments during the peak period. T. viride biofertilizer also improved the transfer of ammonium from soil to sweet sorghum. Plant dry weights increased 91.23% and 61.08% for T and TS, respectively, compared to CK. Moreover, T. viride biofertilizer enhanced nitrification by increasing the abundance of ammonium-oxidizing archaea(AOA) and ammonium-oxidizing bacteria(AOB). The results of high-throughput sequencing indicated that the microbial community structure and composition were significantly changed by the application of T. viride biofertilizer. This study demonstrated the immense potential of T. viride biofertilizer in reducing NH_3 volatilization from alkaline soil and simultaneously improving the utilization of fertilizer N by sweet sorghum.     

强化混凝消除水中全氟化合物

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）有机改性膨润土作为助凝剂,采用聚合氯化铝（PAC）协同CTAB-膨润土进行强化混凝实验,对消除水中两类典型的全氟化合物全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）/全氟辛酸（PFOA）和浊度进行研究.考察了PAC和CTAB-膨润土投加量、pH值、原水浊度对PFOS/PFOA和浊度去除的影响.结果表明,经有机改性,实现了CTAB对膨润土的插层,增大了层间距,比表面积、阳离子交换容量、有机碳含量也得到较大提高.在PAC投加量为20mg/L、CTAB-膨润土投加量为30mg、pH6~7时,强化混凝去除效果分别达到76%、70%,PFOS/PFOA去除率随着CTAB-膨润土投加量的增大而增大.最佳pH值范围是6~7,混凝过程中Zeta电位在pH值为6.0时达到最大,pH值为7.0时接近于零.PFOS/PFOA的去除率随着原水浊度的增大而增大.     

电化学耦合膜工艺去除饮用水中卡马西平

研究了外加电压、初始浓度对电化学耦合膜工艺去除饮用水中卡马西平（CBZ）效果的影响.结果表明,CBZ初始浓度为100μg/L的条件下,随着电压的升高,电化学耦合膜工艺对CBZ的去除率逐渐增加,在外加电压为2V,电化学耦合膜工艺对CBZ的去除率达到88.0%;外加电压为2.0V的条件下,CBZ初始浓度为50~500μg/L时,电化学耦合膜对CBZ的去除率均达到85%以上.而与粉末活性炭/微滤膜（PAC/MF）工艺的比较可知,电化学耦合膜工艺的去除效果更为稳定,运行成本也更低.考察了水中的离子强度和腐殖酸对电化学耦合膜工艺去除CBZ效果的影响.结果表明,由于对系统中·OH的竞争作用,离子强度的增大及腐殖酸浓度的提高将抑制CBZ去除.     

PAFC与PAC饮用水处理的生产性对比实验研究

选择PAFC和PAC在上海市金山石化水厂生活水车间进行了生产性对比实验研究。研究结果表明,PAFC在出水水质指标及经济性方面明显优于PAC。     

First-trimester prenatal diagnosis of hypophosphatasia: Experience with 16 cases

We have carried out first-trimester prenatal diagnosis of hypophosphatasia in 1 6 pregnancies with a 1 in 4 risk of this condition. The liver/bone/kidney isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase was measured in chorionic villus samples using a specific monoclonal antibody and an enzymatic amplification system. Fifteen of the 16 pregnancies were correctly predicted, while one has been lost to follow up. We suggest that this assay system is likely to be superior to DNA-base methods for the first-trimester prenatal diagnosis of hypophosphatasia.     

Waste activated sludge hydrolysis and acidification: A comparison between sodium hydroxide and steel slag addition

Alkaline treatment with steel slag and NaOH addition were investigated under different pH conditions for the fermentation of waste activated sludge. Better performance was achieved in steel slag addition scenarios for both sludge hydrolysis and acidification. More solubilization of organic matters and much production of higher VFA (volatile fatty acid) in a shorter time can be achieved at pH 10 when adjusted by steel slag. Higher enzyme activities were also observed in steel slag addition scenarios under the same pH conditions. Phosphorus concentration in the supernatant increased with fermentation time and pH in NaOH addition scenarios, while in contrast most phosphorus was released and captured by steel slag simultaneously in steel slag addition scenarios. These results suggest that steel slag can be used as a substitute for NaOH in sludge alkaline treatment.