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561.
以Ti/Co-Fe-Cu为阴极,Ti/IrO2-RuO2为阳极组成无隔膜电解体系,对非贵金属催化电解无害化去除NO3--N的反应机制进行了实验研究和理论分析.结果表明,NO3--N阴极催化还原过程中,反应物、产物需要通过对流、扩散作用,克服电场力,迁移至目标位置;在非贵金属的催化作用下,NO3--N受还原剂攻击,逐步还原为NH4+-N;还原中间产物NO-N和NH-N直接生成N2-N的过程受抑制,产物NH4+-N难以被再度直接氧化.添加Cl-作为支持电解质,实验电解体系发生阳极析氯、Cl2水解、NH4+-N氯氧化等过程,可将NH4+-N氧化为N2-N,且出水中NO3--N、NO2--N、氯胺类浓度很低.NO3--N无害化去除的反应机制是NO3--N在催化作用下,经传质、吸脱附、电子交换过程,还原为NH4+-N,NH4+-N经由Cl-→Cl2→HOCl→Cl-电解氯氧化循环,最终生成N2-N. 相似文献
562.
Dynamics and distribution pattern of trace metals in agricultural lands are an increasing concern due to potential risks to the environment and human health. To ascertain more knowledge of this aspect, the fractions of total and available Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Cd belonging to Vertisols under intensive cultivation and adjoining uncultivated soils were investigated. The order of abundance of metals in both cultivated and uncultivated soils was Fe?>?Mn?>?Cu?>?Zn?>?Cd and Fe?>?Mn?>?Zn?>?Cu?>?Cd for both available and total fraction, respectively. A relative enrichment was observed in the value of diethylene-triamine pentaacetic acid-extractable Fe (1.2–201%), Mn (2–31%), Cu (1–40%), and Cd (21–45%) as well as total fraction of Zn (3–17%), Cu (12–32%), and Cd (42–108%) after intensive cropping, which can be contributed to repeated application of agrochemical inputs and manure over long time. The values of RI (potential ecological risk) showed that cultivation caused a low potential ecological risk (33.3% of the soil samples) to moderate potential ecological risk (66.7% of the soil samples) in the study region and that cadmium made up 88%, on average, of the RI value. 相似文献
563.
Rare earth element (REE) content in suspended and dissolved phases from the Strait of Sicily (Central Mediterranean Sea) has been measured. Vertical profiles of several dissolved REEs along the water column reflect the 3-D oceanographic features of the studied area and identifies the different water masses present there. Shale-normalized REE distribution patterns and derived parameters calculated for the suspended particulate show different atmospheric dust-surface inputs and their interactions with seawater. Finally, combined information from [La/Yb]N, ratios, REE/La ratios and Eu anomalies measured in the suspended particulate suggest an important contribution of volcanic materials from the Etna volcano and Saharan dust to the lithogenic fraction of the suspended particulate. 相似文献
564.
Azza Khaled 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(4):229-246
The concentration of some heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the muscle, liver, and gills in eight fish species, Caranx crysos, Euthynnus alleferatus, Scomberomorus commerson, Sphyraena viridensis, Sargus sargus, Siganus rivulatus, Mugil species, and Sardinella aurita were collected seasonally from the Mediterranean Sea in the region of Alexandria. The highest concentrations of Cd, Cu, Fe, and Zn were measured in liver tissue, while gill tissue yielded the highest concentrations of Mn, Ni, and Pb. Muscle is the organ of poor accumulation factor for all metals under investigation. Concentration of cadmium in muscle in Mugil species exceeds the permissible limit in summer, while Siganus rivulatus exceeds it in the summer and autumn seasons. On the other hand, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc are still much lower than the permissible levels. The metal pollution index (MPI) for metals was studied, revealing that Siganus rivulatus, Mugil species and Sardinella aurita had the highest MPI. Provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) indicates that the concentration levels of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the muscle of all fish species under investigation are much lower than recommended PTDI values, and accordingly there is no risk for the human consumption of these fish species. 相似文献
565.
This report presents the results of a research programme designed to examine the engineering and environmental acceptability of stabilizing municipal solid waste (MSW) combustor ash for artificial reef construction. Municipal solid waste combustor ash was combined with Portland cement to form solid blocks using conventional construction block making technology. the resultant stabilized combustor ash (SCA) blocks were used to construct an artificial habitat in Conscience Bay, Long Island Sound, New York and compared to identical concrete blocks, fabricated using natural aggregates. Over a 4.5 year period divers periodically returned to the site to monitor the interaction of SCA blocks with the marine environment and compare the performance of these blocks with the concrete control blocks. Results show that the SCA blocks retain their strength after prolonged sea water exposure. Contaminants of environmental concern, including metals, dioxins and furans, were retained within the cementitious matrix of the SCA blocks after prolonged sea water submersion. in addition, organisms growing on the surfaces of the SCA blocks did not accumulate contaminants from the blocks. 相似文献
566.
单一及复合重金属污染对土壤酶活性的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用外源添加重金属和室内培养的方法研究重金属Cd、Pb对滩涂盐渍土脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性的影响,为中国沿海地区土壤重金属污染的监测及重金属对潜在生态环境影响等方面的研究提供参考依据。重金属Cd添加至土壤的质量分数为0、0.5、1.0、2.0 mg.kg-1,重金属Pb添加至土壤的质量分数为0、100、200、400 mg.kg-1,采用完全随机区组设计,3次重复。结果表明:重金属质量分数较低时,单一重金属对土壤脲酶活性具有促进,对过氧化氢酶活性具有抑制作用;重金属质量分数较高时,对土壤脲酶活性具有抑制作用,对土壤过氧化氢酶具有促进作用。重金属Cd、Pb对土壤酶活性的影响存在交互作用,重金属Cd对土壤脲酶活的性影响起主导作用,重金属Pb对土壤过氧化氢酶活性的影响起主导作用。经逐步回归分析,有效态重金属的质量分数低水平时,土壤脲酶活性与重金属Cd呈现显著负相关;土壤过氧化氢酶活性与重金属Pb呈现显著正相关。 相似文献
567.
通过测定在各种条件下Ag(Ⅰ)对大肠杆菌Escherichia coli的生长的抑制作用,系统分析了各参数对Ag(Ⅰ)毒性的影响。结果表明:好氧、厌氧状态下,Ag(Ⅰ)对E.coli的抑制能力基本相同;在LB培养基、氨基酸基本培养基和标准基本培养基中Ag(Ⅰ)开始抑制E.coli生长的浓度差异较大,分别为10、0.5、0.1μmol/L;LB组分中的酵母粉的加入完全消除了Ag(I)对E.coli的抑制作用;此外,菌体浓度越高抑制其生长所需的Ag(Ⅰ)浓度也越高。因此Ag(I)对E.coli生长的抑制作用与氧化应激无关,而与培养基种类、培养基组分及菌体浓度高度相关。 相似文献
568.
重金属污染土壤属性区间识别模型的赋权分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
土壤重金属污染评价为土壤重金属污染的及时防范和综合治理提供重要的理论依据。文章在属性区间识别理论的基础上,构建土壤重金属污染评价的属性区间识别模型:选取土壤重金属污染中普遍存在的Hg、Cd、As、Pb、Cu、Zn作为评价指标,采用均化系数将各评价指标的属性测度区间转化为综合属性测度;为避免主观因素,利用主成分分析法、熵权法、CRITIC法对各评价指标进行3次客观赋权;最后根据置信度准则和分级标准进行土壤重金属污染的综合评价。对3种赋权法得到的权重和评价结果进行比较,表明:属性识别模型在土壤重金属污染评价中适用且有利于评价结果准确性的提高;3种客观赋权法算得的权重合理,且其优异程度为主成分分析法〈熵权法〈CRITIC法。 相似文献
569.
570.
以太湖的表层沉积物为研究对象,运用相平衡分配法(EqP)探讨了沉积物中4种重金属(Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd)的沉积物质量基准(CSQC)值;根据美国国家环境保护局(US EPA)基于水生生物对重金属的最终慢性毒理水平的淡水水质基准,制定了太湖4种重金属(Cu, Pb, Zn,和Cd)的沉积物质量基准值分别为145.2,308.72,293.01,0.46mg/kg.以此CSQC为参比值,参考潜在生态危害指数法对各元素赋予不同的权重值,运用综合污染指数法对太湖沉积物重金属的环境质量进行评价,结果显示,2010年8~9月太湖沉积物质量基本为良.这一结果与沉积物重金属总量分析结果一致. 相似文献