我国大气环境下大型钢结构的长效防护

论述了喷涂Zn、Al及Zn鄄Al合金涂层的防护性能,列举了它们在不同环境条件下的腐蚀试验结果及数据,介绍了一些工程实例中采用金属喷涂层进行防护的效果及防护寿命。此外还介绍了氟碳树脂涂层在我国典型的高辐射太阳能和沿海地区环境下的优秀耐候性能。在上述工作基础上,推荐了关于大型钢结构高效、长效防腐措施的2种建议方案,其防腐蚀寿命可达15～20年以上。     

重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd在小麦中的富集特征

采用无土栽培法 ,以小麦为受试作物 ,通过对不同时期各器官重金属含量的变化 ,研究了重金属Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd在小麦中的富集与迁移特征。研究结果表明 ,在不同生长阶段小麦不同部位中重金属的含量有很大差异 ,总的来说 ,幼苗期重金属分布为 :根>茎>叶 ;成熟期分布为 :根>茎>叶>颖壳>籽实 ,而Zn在颖壳中会有较大富集。其中 ,根中重金属的富集系数的顺序为Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn;茎富集能力是Cd>Cu>Zn>Pb ;叶片富集能力是Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn;颖壳富集能力是Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb ;籽实的富集能力是Cu>Zn>Cd>Pb     

昆明市蔬菜及其土壤中铅、镉、铜和锌含量水平及污染评价

对昆明市蔬菜及其土壤中铅、镉、铜和锌含量水平进行了初步的调查并对其土壤污染进行了评价,结果表明蔬菜土壤重金属Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn均存在一定程度的污染,其中Pb、Zn为轻污染,Cd、Cu为中污染,土壤重金属综合评价为中污染.蔬菜可食部分Pb、Cd、Zn的含量均超过国家食品卫生标准和绿色蔬菜标准,依次为Pb、Cu、Cd、Zn.蔬菜中Pb含量过高与汽车尾气Pb污染有很大的关系.     

富里酸对小麦植株积累稀土元素的影响

从我国东北黑土中提取和纯化富里酸。采用水培方法研究了富里酸对小麦植株生物积累稀土元素（La^3 ，Ce^3 ,Sm^3 ,Gd^3 ,Y^3 )的影响。结果表明，在所试验的多种浓度中，当富里酸浓度低于0.26mg(C)/L时，小麦积累稀土元素受到促进；而当富里酸浓度大于0.65mg(C)/L时，稀土元素在小麦植株中的积累受到抑制；富里酸对小麦积累稀土“高抑低促”的分界浓度介于0.26——0.65mg(C)/L之间。生长动态实验表明，小麦在含有2.0mg/L稀土和两种浓度（0.13和1.30mg(C)/L)的富里酸的营养液中生长，根部对稀土的积累呈线性增长规律（相关系数大于0.86)，茎叶部对稀土的积累无线性增长规律，小麦根部对稀土的积累远高于茎叶部，同样观察到富里酸对小麦积累稀土存在“高抑低促”的生物效应。     

焦作市土壤重金属污染状况分析

用原子吸收分光光度法测定了焦作市解放区、山阳区、马村区、中站区四个地区48个样品中Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd5种重金属的含量分布厦污染状况。结果表明，土壤尚未受Cr污染，Cu和Cd污染程度较轻，Pb和Zn的污染较严重，并进行了污染源分析，提出建议反对策。     

金属浓度,半透膜孔径,水温及配位体对半透膜囊吸收铜的影响

在实验室条件下，研究了影响树脂－半透膜囊吸收铜的主要因素，重点探讨了水相铜含量，半透膜孔径，温度以及天然河水中的有机配位体对吸收的影响。结果表明，半透膜囊吸收量与水相游离铜浓度，水温及半透膜孔径的非整数次幂成正比，其中包括ＥＤＴＡ，河水富里酸，以及河水中的各种天然有机物在内的配位体均与铜生成不能被半透膜囊吸收的络合物，研究结果进一步证实了半透膜囊对水环境中游离态微量金属进行长期监测的可行性。     

Rare earth elements distribution in seawater and suspended particulate of the Central Mediterranean Sea

Rare earth element (REE) content in suspended and dissolved phases from the Strait of Sicily (Central Mediterranean Sea) has been measured. Vertical profiles of several dissolved REEs along the water column reflect the 3-D oceanographic features of the studied area and identifies the different water masses present there. Shale-normalized REE distribution patterns and derived parameters calculated for the suspended particulate show different atmospheric dust-surface inputs and their interactions with seawater. Finally, combined information from [La/Yb]_N, ratios, REE/La ratios and Eu anomalies measured in the suspended particulate suggest an important contribution of volcanic materials from the Etna volcano and Saharan dust to the lithogenic fraction of the suspended particulate.     

城市污泥直接施用对农田的生态效应研究初报

采用盆栽和田间试验,研究了广州市大坦沙污水处理厂污泥对蔬菜生长发育的影响、污泥中重金属元素在作物体内的累积及在土壤中的残留状况。盆栽结果表明,作物的生长发育和产量与污泥的施用量有一定的关系,施用污泥对于在养分水平较低的砂质土上效果较明显。厂区大田试验还表明,施用污泥对生长周期长的块根类作物的增产效果比茎叶类、果实类作物更显著。作物对Ni的累积量相对为最大,土壤则以Cu、Zn的残留量为最大。在污泥施用量为3×10~4kg ha~(-1)的条件下,作物体内的重金属元素含量均未超过国家食品卫生标准。若污泥施用量为1.5×10~4kg ha~(-1),则其安全施用年限估计为12年。     

土壤重金属污染治理措施综述

在阐述土壤环境重金属污染特点的基础上，介绍了近年来国内外采用的各种土壤重金属污染的治理措施，按治理方式归纳为四类：工程措施、生物措施、农业措施和改良措施．分别阐述了各类措施的适用条件、范围、效果和费用．同时，对今后的治理研究提出了一些见解．     

Impact of Gold mining on the Environment and Human Health: A Case Study in the Migori Gold Belt, Kenya

The study of gold sites in the Migori Gold Belt, Kenya, revealed that the concentrations of heavy metals, mainly Hg, Pb and As are above acceptable levels. Tailings at the panning sites recorded values of 6.5–510 mg kg^–1 Pb, 0.06–76.0 mg kg^–1 As and 0.46–1920 mg kg^–1 Hg. Stream sediments had values of 3.0–11075 mg kg^–1 Pb, 0.014–1.87 mg kg^–1 As and 0.28–348 mg kg^–1 Hg. The highest metal contamination was recorded in sediments from the Macalder stream (11075 mg kg^–1 Pb), Nairobi mine tailings (76.0 mg kg^–1 As) and Mickey tailings (1920 mg kg^–1 Hg). Mercury has a long residence time in the environment and this makes its emissions from artisan mining a threat to health. Inhaling large amounts of siliceous dust, careless handling of mercury during gold panning and Au/Hg amalgam processing, existence of water logged pits and trenches; and large number of miners sharing poor quality air in the mines are the major causes of health hazards among miners. The amount of mercury used by miners for gold amalgamation during peak mining periods varies from 150 to 200 kg per month. Out of this, about 40% are lost during panning and 60% lost during heating Au/Hg amalgam. The use of pressure burners to weaken the reef is a deadly mining procedure as hot particles of Pb, As and other sulphide minerals burn the body. Burns become septic. This, apparently, leads to death within 2–3 years. On-site training of miners on safe mining practices met with enthusiasm and acceptance. The use of dust masks, air filters and heavy chemical gloves during mining and mineral processing were readily accepted. Miners were thus advised to purchase such protective gear, and to continue using them for the sake of their health. The miners' workshop, which was held at the end of the project is likely to bear fruit. The Migori District Commissioner and other Government officials, including medical officers attended this workshop. As a result of this, the Government is seriously considering setting up a clinic at Masara, which is one of the mining centres in the district. This would improve the health of the mining community.