First-trimester maternal serum biochemical indicators in Down syndrome

A set of 21 early maternal serum samples (19 first-trimester and two at 14 weeks) from pregnancies resulting in a child with Down syndrome was matched for gestation and length of storage with 63 samples from unaffected pregnancies. The concentrations of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), unconjugated oestriol (uE₃), human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), pregnancy-specific β₁–glycoprotein (SP₁), and placental alkaline phosphatase (PALP) were measured. The ratios of the medians for Down syndrome pregnancies compared with the medians for controls were AFP 0·71, uE₃ 0·67, hCG 1·43, SP₁ 0·79, and PALP 0·92. Although the differences between the medians for affected and unaffected pregnancies were not significant, the trends for AFP, uE₃, and hCG confirm earlier findings on first-trimester samples.     

First-trimester prenatal diagnosis of hypophosphatasia: Experience with 16 cases

We have carried out first-trimester prenatal diagnosis of hypophosphatasia in 1 6 pregnancies with a 1 in 4 risk of this condition. The liver/bone/kidney isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase was measured in chorionic villus samples using a specific monoclonal antibody and an enzymatic amplification system. Fifteen of the 16 pregnancies were correctly predicted, while one has been lost to follow up. We suggest that this assay system is likely to be superior to DNA-base methods for the first-trimester prenatal diagnosis of hypophosphatasia.     

Waste activated sludge hydrolysis and acidification: A comparison between sodium hydroxide and steel slag addition

Alkaline treatment with steel slag and NaOH addition were investigated under different pH conditions for the fermentation of waste activated sludge. Better performance was achieved in steel slag addition scenarios for both sludge hydrolysis and acidification. More solubilization of organic matters and much production of higher VFA (volatile fatty acid) in a shorter time can be achieved at pH 10 when adjusted by steel slag. Higher enzyme activities were also observed in steel slag addition scenarios under the same pH conditions. Phosphorus concentration in the supernatant increased with fermentation time and pH in NaOH addition scenarios, while in contrast most phosphorus was released and captured by steel slag simultaneously in steel slag addition scenarios. These results suggest that steel slag can be used as a substitute for NaOH in sludge alkaline treatment.     

白泥对填埋场垃圾降解的影响实验研究

在4个相同的密封聚乙烯塑料罐中,分别装填相同组分和重量的青岛市居民区的生活垃圾,并且在4个罐中按不同比例添加白泥,与垃圾混合均匀。实验模拟填埋场的环境条件。定期监测4个罐渗滤液的水质变化,分析比较白泥的添加及添加量的多少对渗滤液的衰减的影响。实验结果表明,白泥的添加能够向反应系统提供一定数量的碱度,可以防止反应系统因出现酸过度累积而受到抑制,在一定程度上加快了垃圾的降解进程。这不仅对于减轻渗滤液处理设施的负荷、加速填埋场的稳定化起着积极作用,而且可以为白泥的资源化利用提供一个可行的途径。     

鲁氏酵母菌WY-3降解甲胺磷的性能

从污水中分离出一株酵母菌,编号WY-3.该菌能利用甲胺磷(MAP)作唯一氮、磷源生长,也能利用甲胺、乙胺和硫酸铵(硝酸盐和羟胺除外)作氮源生长,它还能适应高浓度(60%)葡萄糖的培养条件,初步鉴定为鲁氏酵母菌(Saccharomyces rouxii).从WY-3菌无细胞抽提液中检测到一种高活力酸性磷酸酶,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳活性染色法呈现一条白色谱带.氟化钠试剂可抑制该酶催化MAP释放无机磷,但是不影响该菌代谢MAP脱氨基的性能.MAP经WY-3菌作用后毒性会大大降低,分析其残留物时发现有无机磷和甲醇物质.此外,文中还对酵母菌一类共代谢菌降解MAP的途径进行了探讨.     

A rapid,colorimetric, procedure for determination of fenitrothion

Abstract

Fenitrothion in formulations and on grains is determined colorimetrically as 4‐nitro‐3‐methylphenoxide, after hydrolysis at room temperature catalysed by alkaline peroxide. Interferences in determination of residue levels are removed by filtration of commodity extract through basic alumina or by barium chloride plus excess oxidant.     

炼油厂碱渣处理工艺最佳技术路线选择

在认真分析、讨论和比较各种碱渣处理方法的基础上，结合炼厂实际并考虑未来的发展需要，提出易地重建的碱渣处理装置宜采用回收粗酚、环烷酸并配套WAO氧化脱臭和SBR生物处理工艺的建议。     

盐胁迫下Dslhcb3和cao基因的表达及类囊体磷酸化状态转化

LHCⅡ在在类囊体膜中除了进行光能的吸收和传递之外,在维持类囊体膜的结构,调节激发光能在两个光系统之间的分配,光保护以及对各种环境的适应等过程中都起着重要的作用.为揭示盐藻LHCB在盐胁迫下的作用机制,以盐生杜氏藻(Dunaliella salina为材料,应用实时PCR的方法和蛋白电泳技术,研究lhcb3和叶绿素a加氧酶cao基因在低盐胁迫下的表达变化,以及盐藻类囊体膜的磷酸化水平和磷酯酶的变化.结果表明,在低盐环境下,lhcb3和cao基因的表达活性都呈降低的总趋势,这可能是盐藻适应不浓度盐环境胁迫的不反应.类囊体膜蛋白磷酸化水平先是降低,之后有所升高.时,发现磷酸酯酶有着相的变化趋势,并在12 h时最高.由此认为低盐条件下,类囊体膜蛋白在前期磷酸化水平的降低与磷酸酯酶活性降低有关,但在12 h后磷酸化水平有所升高,可能是细胞内平衡调节的结果,即磷酸激酶活性增强的结果.     

基于土壤酶活性变化的铅污染土壤修复基准

近年来,污染土壤修复技术发展很快,而污染土壤修复标准的建立则相对迟缓。为了推进我国该领域的工作,对铅胁迫下土壤酶活性（如过氧化氢酶,磷酸酶,脲酶）随时间的变化进行了研究,以确定棕壤土中铅的土壤修复基准。结果表明：土壤中的铅能够刺激土壤中过氧化氢酶活性的增加,但随着土壤铅浓度的增加,这种刺激作用逐渐减小。土壤过氧化氢酶活性不宜作为铅污染土壤的生物标记物。土壤磷酸酶活性没有一致的变化规律,土壤磷酸酶活性不能作为铅污染土壤的生物标记物。在整个实验时间范围内,土壤脲酶活性与土壤中铅的浓度具有明显的剂量-效应关系（P〈0.01）,土壤脲酶活性可以作为铅污染土壤生物标记物。以土壤脲酶抑制率降低25%为依据,确定棕壤中铅的土壤修复基准为94mg·kg-1,以土壤脲酶抑制率降低45%为依据,确定棕壤中铅的土壤修复基准为178mg·kg-1。     

太湖水-沉积物界面磷、pH及碱性磷酸酶的时空特征及相关性

于2011年3、6和9月通过对太湖不同营养化湖区的5个标准采样位点进行采样分析,探讨了界面沉积物间隙水和上覆水中磷含量、pH及碱性磷酸酶活性的时空分布特征及相关性。结果表明,上覆水及沉积物间隙水中的总磷（TP）、可溶性正磷酸盐（SAP）、pH及碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性均表现出明显的空间异质性和季节变化趋势。间隙水总磷（PW-TP）、间隙水可溶性正磷酸盐（PW-SAP）高于上覆水,分别最高高出0．082、0．042mg·L-1;上覆水pH值高于间隙水pH值,最高高出O．35个单位;间隙水中碱性磷酸酶（PW-ALP）活性高于上覆水中碱性磷酸酶（W-ALP）活性,最高高出13．244μg·mL·h-1。TP、SAP、pH及ALP活性在3、6、9月份中均以16#样品最高,其中6月份16#样品PW-TP、PW-SAP、上覆水pH及PW-ALP活性分别O．527、0．132、7．46和61．090μg·mL·h-1。参数相关性分析结果表明,W-TP与W-SAP、W-pH显著相关。W-SAP与PW-TP、PW-SAP、W-ALP、PW-ALP均显著相关。PW-TP与PW-pH显著相关性,与PW-ALP活性存在一定的相关性,但不显著。PW-SAP与PW-ALP显著相关。