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111.
Many important environmental policies involve some combination of emission controls and ambient environmental quality standards, for instance SO2 emissions are capped under Title IV of the U.S. Clean Air Act Amendments while ambient SO2 concentrations are limited under National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). This paper examines the relative performance of emissions standards and ambient standards when the natural environment provides stochastic environmental services for assimilating pollution. For receiving media characterized by greater dispersion in the distribution of environmental services, the optimal emissions policy becomes more stringent, whereas the optimal ambient policy generally becomes more lax. In terms of economic performance, emissions policies are superior to ambient policies for relatively non-toxic pollutants, whereas ambient standards welfare dominate emissions standards for sufficiently toxic pollutants. In the case of combined policies that jointly implement emissions standards and ambient standards, we show that the optimal level of each standard relaxes relative to its counterpart in a unilateral policy, allowing for greater emissions levels and higher pollution concentrations in the environmental medium. 相似文献
112.
简述了湖南省环保-气象合作联合开展环境空气质量预报的方向和具体内容,提出了两部门合作的原则和路径。认识方面——统一认识,合作共享;业务方面——发挥优势,做好接力;保障方面——夯实基础,同步推进;服务方面——引导公众,服务决策。两部门合作,有利于提高预报结果的准确率。 相似文献
113.
机动车排放尾气中挥发性有机污染物对环境空气质量影响初探 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用气相色谱/质谱检测技术,对汽油和柴油、汽油车和柴油车排放气体以及天津市环境空气中主要挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)的组成种类及比例进行探析.结果表明,机动车排放的尾气中主要有机污染物为芳香烃类、烷烃类和烯烃类化合物,其中芳香烃类含量最高;汽油车排放的芳香烃类化合物浓度高于柴油车排放的浓度;机动车尾气对交通区域空气质量的影响高于工厂区(非化工区)、生活小区和公园. 相似文献
114.
Gang Huang Zhaoxiong Yan Shuyuan Liu Tingting Luo Liang An Zhihua Xu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(1):173-183
Efficient removal of formaldehyde from indoor environments is of significance for human health.In this work,a typical binary transition metal oxide that could provide various oxidation states,β-NiMoO4,was employed as a support to immobilize the active Pt component(Pt/NiMoO4) for catalytic formaldehyde elimination at low ambient temperature(15℃).The results showed that the hydrothermal preparation temperature and time had a noticeable impact on the morphology and catalytic a... 相似文献
115.
传感技术在环境空气监测中的方法适用性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用某品牌3台传感器,对环境空气中气态污染物(NO_2、SO_2、O_3、CO)和颗粒物(PM_(10)、PM_(2.5))进行为期1个月的连续监测,探讨传感技术在环境空气监测中的方法适用性。研究表明,3台传感器监测的各污染物质量浓度均显著相关,Pearson相关系数0.9(p0.01);监测的颗粒物与国控点数据显著相关且质量浓度水平接近,Pearson相关系数0.9(p0.01);PM_(2.5)传感器测定值相对于国控点数据的平均相对误差仅为-7.3%,均值绝对误差2μg/m~3;传感器在高湿度下的PM_(2.5)测定值与国控点数据相吻合,当相对湿度为80%~90%时,平均相对误差仅为-0.9%;传感器气态污染物测定值与国控点数据之间存在差异,电化学原理气态污染物传感器性能仍有待提升。 相似文献
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117.
采用 SUMMA罐采集空气样品,在预浓缩系统中经3级冷阱捕集后,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定环境空气中7种痕量有机硫化物。对试验条件进行优化,使得甲硫醇、乙硫醇、甲硫醚、二硫化碳、噻吩、乙硫醚和二甲二硫醚等7种有机硫化物在21.47μg/m3~336.43μg/m3范围内线性良好。试验表明,7种有机硫化物的方法检出限为0.004μg/m3~0.036μg/m3;标准气体平行测定6次结果的 RSD为2.7%~6.2%,加标回收率为92.2%~97.5%。用该方法测定实际空气样品,并与傅立叶红外光谱法测定的结果进行比对,结果令人满意。 相似文献
118.
Fahe Chai Zongshuang Wang Yufei Tan Min Guo Miaomiao Cheng Yanyue Gu Siyu Chen Xuefang Wu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,123(1):255-269
Ambient air quality standards are the core strategic goal of ambient air quality management. Countries worldwide have given importance to research on the development of ambient air quality standards. To understand the history of the development of China's ambient air quality standards, this study analyzed the background associated with all previous formulations and revisions of the standards, classification of functional areas, standard grading, pollutants, and evolution of the standard limits over the past 40 years. The results show that since the initial release of the “Ambient Air Quality Standard” by China in 1982, it has been supplemented once, revised twice, and modified twice. The first ambient air quality standard specified the standard limits of six pollutants commonly found in ambient air. With the development of ambient air quality management, the number of pollutants has increased to ten. Since the release of the “Ambient Air Quality Standards” in 2012, the ambient air quality in China has significantly improved. However, the proportion of cities meeting these standards is still low. At present, China is suitably positioned to make the standards associated with 24 hr SO2 concentrations more stringent such that it meets the values defined in the World Health Organization (WHO) interim target-2 and the WHO air quality guideline (AQG). We further suggested that the SO2 standard should be revised promptly. Simultaneously, regions with a relatively high proportion of cities meeting the standard are encouraged to introduce more stringent interim target limits in due course to manage the local ambient air quality. 相似文献
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120.