硝基苯测定方法的探讨

对硝基苯方法的测定，改为不加氢氧化钠和硫酸氢钾及用２．５％氨基磺酸代替２．５％氨基磺酸铵的两种方法与“还原←偶氮光度法”原分析方法作了分别的对比实验，实验结果经ｔ值检验是一致的．并且改进后的方法精密度与准确度都很高．     

重金属捕集沉淀剂处理含络合铜废水的工艺研究

研究了用重金属捕集沉淀剂DTCR处理含络合铜废水的工艺条件，对其处理效果与无机处理剂CaO、CaO加FeSO4进行了比较。结果表明，DTCR对废水的处理不受络合剂的影响，对铜离子的捕集效率高，处理后的废水可达标排放；同时污泥生成速度快，量少，含水率低，且稳定，不会产生二次污染。     

造纸黑液制备球形阳离子木质素吸附树脂

以造纸黑液中的碱木质素为原料,采用两步法制备球形阳离子木质素吸附树脂,并用扫描电镜和傅立叶变换红外光谱仪对其进行表征.第1步以造纸黑液中的碱木质素为原料,利用反相悬浮法制备球形木质素珠体,通过正交实验得出以占木质素质量1.5%的环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,吐温80为分散剂(含量为木质素质量的3%),煤油为分散相,O/W相比为3∶1,反应温度为90℃,搅拌速度为200r/min,反应时间1h为球形木质素珠体制备的最佳条件.第2步利用丙烯酰胺对球形木质素珠体接枝,得出以H₂O₂/Fe²⁺为引发剂,丙烯酰胺浓度为0.72mol/L,室温反应2h为接枝的适宜条件,在此条件下可得到离子交换容量为1.6405mmol/g的阳离子木质素吸附树脂.     

阳离子交换树脂生产中废酸的回收利用及树脂质量控制

采用 酸套洗工艺代替传统的加水稀释洗涤工艺，成功地解决了阳离子交换树脂生产中废酸的回收利用问题，研究了采用新洗涤工艺后树脂变红的机理和防止对策，结果表明，树脂发红帅微生物的参与而引起的。采以完善洗涤 灭菌措施可防止树脂 ，从而确保了稀酸套洗工艺的顺利实施。     

防腐漆涂装含锌废水中锌粉的回收与利用

从水性环氧富锌涂料工业涂装废水中回收废锌粉,通过加热二甲基亚砜来溶解包覆于废锌粉表面的环氧树脂漆膜,得到回收锌粉,并将其再利用制防腐漆。在沉降时间12 h、热处理温度110 ℃、热处理时间60 min的条件下,废锌粉表面上的环氧树脂被去除,可直接以金属锌粉的形态加以回收利用,回收锌粉达到GB/T 6890—2012《锌粉》中的二级标准。使用后的溶剂经旋转蒸发后可再次使用,对锌粉的回收效果无影响。回收锌粉制备的防腐漆,其防腐蚀性能良好,可比市售锌粉。     

高分子多孔小球GDX-102对水中有机氯农药的富集作用

测定了国产高分子小球GDX-102对水中微量有机氯农药(β-666、p,p’-DDE和p,p’-DDT)的吸附容量和富集效率,选取了动态富集最佳水样流速.结果表明,GDX-102对上述三种有机氯农药均有较大的吸附容量,其数值分别为14.2mg/g(β-666)、22.3mg/g(p,p’-DDE)和31.4mg/g(p,p’-DDT).在实验条件下,水样流速在0—60ml/min范围内变化时,对GDX-102的富集效率影响甚小,富集效率接近100％,因此,GDX-102可应用于环境水样中微量有机氯农药的现场采样富集.     

混凝沉淀—树脂吸附—Fenton氧化工艺处理垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液

采用混凝沉淀-树脂吸附-Fenton氧化工艺处理垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液,筛选了该工艺各工段最佳的运行方式和参数.在最佳条件下,COD的去除率达98.1%.将吸附出水或氧化出水与垃圾渗滤液处理纳滤出水合并排放.各项出水指标均能达到<生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准>(GB 16889-2008)一级排放标准.树脂脱附效果好,脱附液体积为膜滤浓缩液的1/10,实现了膜滤浓缩液减量化的目的.     

废旧电路板与碳酸钙共热解脱卤的研究

采用热重分析仪和石英管式炉热解反应器,分别对以酚醛树脂为基板的废旧电路板和混合碳酸钙后的废旧电路板进行热解实验研究,着重考察了添加碳酸钙后的酚醛树脂基板废旧电路板热解特性及添加量不同对卤素脱除效果的影响。实验结果表明,碳酸钙的加入对废旧电路板的降解行为和热解油的基本组成没有明显的影响,但热解油的各组分含量有所差异;随着热解温度的提高或者CaCO₃含量的增多,卤素可以更多地由有机卤向无机卤转变并束缚在固体残渣中,由此得到较好的脱卤效果。当60%PR-WPCBs与40%CaCO₃共热解,热解油中的溴化物也减少了7.6% 。在600℃等量CaCO₃与PR-WPCBs共热解时生成75.6%无机卤,其中70.62%束缚于固体残渣中,可见达到较好的脱卤效果。     

Determination of radionuclide levels in rainwater using ion exchange resin and γ-spectrometry

The evaluation of radioactivity accidentally released into the atmosphere involves determining the radioactivity levels of rainwater samples. Rainwater scavenges atmospheric airborne radioactivity in such a way that surface contamination can be deduced from rainfall rate and rainwater radioactivity content. For this purpose, rainwater is usually collected in large surface collectors and then measured by γ-spectrometry after such treatments as evaporation or iron hydroxide precipitation. We found that collectors can be adapted to accept large surface (diameter 47 mm) cartridges containing a strongly acidic resin (Dowex AG 88) which is able to quantitatively extract radioactivity from rainwater, even during heavy rainfall. The resin can then be measured by γ-spectrometry. The detection limit is 0.1 Bq per sample of resin (80 g) for ¹³⁷Cs. Natural ⁷Be and ²¹⁰Pb can also be measured and the activity ratio of both radionuclides is comparable with those obtained through iron hydroxide precipitation and air filter measurements. Occasionally ²²Na has also been measured above the detection limit. A comparison between the evaporation method and the resin method demonstrated that 2/3 of ⁷Be can be lost during the evaporation process. The resin method is simple and highly efficient at extracting radioactivity. Because of these great advantages, we anticipate it could replace former rainwater determination methods. Moreover, it does not necessitate the transportation of large rainwater volumes to the laboratory.     

Size and resin fractionations of dissolved organic matter and trihalomethane precursors from four typical source waters in China

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its potential to form disinfection by-products (DBPs) during drinking water treatment raise challenges to water quality control. Understanding both chemical and physical characteristics of DOM in source waters is key to better water treatment. In this study, the DOM from four typical source waters in China was fractionated by XAD resin adsorption (RA) and ultrafiltration (UF) techniques. The trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) of all fractions in the DOM were investigated to reveal the major THM precursors. The fraction distributions of DOM could be related to their geographical origins in a certain extent. The dominant chemical fraction as THM precursors in the DOM from south waters (East-Lake reservoir in Shenzhen and Peal rivers in Guangzhou) was hydrophobic acid (HoA). The size fraction with molecular weight (MW) <1 kDa in both south waters had the highest THMFP. The results of cluster analysis showed that the parameters of fractions including DOC percentage (DOC%), UV₂₅₄%, SUVA₂₅₄ (specific UV₂₅₄ absorbance) and THMFP were better for representing the differences of DOM from the studied waters than specific THMFP (STHMFP). The weak correlation between SUVA₂₅₄ and STHMFP for either size or XAD fractions suggests that whether SUVA₂₅₄ can be used as an indicator for the reactivity of THM formation is highly dependent on the nature of organic matter.