Extraction of copper ions by supercritical carbon dioxide

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣｏｍｐｌｅｘａｔｉｏｎｃｏｍｂｉｎｅｄｗｉｔｈｓｏｌｖｅｎｔｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎｕｓｅｄｔｏｅｘｔｒａｃｔｍｅｔａｌｉｏｎｓｆｒｏｍｓｏｌｉｄｍａｔｒｉｘｓｕｃｈａｓｓｏｉｌｓａｎｄｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｓ(Ｍｉｎｃｚｅｗｓｋｉ,1 982 ;Ａｌｆａｓｓｉ,1 992 ) .Ｔｈｅｓｅｓｏｌｖｅｎｔｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｃｅｄｕｒｅｓｈｏｗｅｖｅｒａｒｅｕｓｕａｌｌｙｔｉｍｅａｎｄｌａｂｏｒ ｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｖｅ.Ｉｎａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｏｌｖｅｎｔｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎｒｅｑｕｉ…     

泥炭树脂颗粒对水溶液中十二烷基苯磺酸钠的去除

泥炭树脂颗粒对水溶液中十二烷基苯磺酸钠 (SDBS)具有很好的去除效果。数据分析表明 ,Freundlich和 Langmuir吸附等温方程可以很好地描述这一过程。通过 L angmuir方程计算出颗粒对 SDBS的最大吸附量为 3 3 .3 3 mg·g- 1。在试验条件下 ,吸附量随着 SDBS的初始浓度增加而增加 ,当溶液的初始 p H在 4～ 8的范围时 ,颗粒对 SDBS吸附量变化很小。溶液的初始浓度对吸附速率产生明显影响 ,浓度越低吸附速率越快 ,达到吸附平衡所需的时间越短。准二级动力学模型能够很好地描述颗粒对 SDBS的吸附过程。     

大孔阴树脂及其白球对水中低浓度苯酚吸附行为的研究

研究了作为高分子材料的大孔阴树脂及其对应白球对水中低浓度苯酚的吸附行为，详细考察了吸附过程的吸附容量、速度等吸附参数以及ｐＨ、Ｃａ＾２＋、腐殖质等因素对吸附的影响，并对试验结果从理论上进行了分析与探讨。     

固定化微生物强化处理对甲苯胺模拟废水的研究

采用新型固定化载体大孔吸附树脂X-5固定化微生物强化SBR处理对甲苯胺模拟废水，与对照组相比，通过投加大孔吸附树脂X-5固定化微生物可以有效提高反应器的处理效率。在进水TOC浓度为434．8mg／L，对甲苯胺浓度为326．9mg／L的条件下，强化组可在100min左右将TOC和对甲苯胺基本去除完全，去除率在99％以上。对照组则需要300min才能达到相近的去除效果。强化组对氨氮同样具有较好的硝化效果，出水氨氮浓度在10mg／L以下。     

大孔树脂对柠檬黄吸附行为的研究

用三种大孔树脂NDA-7、NDA-99和ND-900作为吸附剂,对水溶液中柠檬黄进行吸附,探讨了温度、盐含量和pH值对不同类型树脂吸附行为的影响。实验结果表明,三种树脂对柠檬黄的吸附均符合Freun-dlich公式,在相同温度下,三种树脂对柠檬黄的吸附量大小顺序为ND-900〉NDA-99〉NDA-7;降温和减小溶液初始pH值均有利于三种树脂对柠檬黄的吸附;盐分对三种树脂的吸附效果均有严重的负效应,但是随着盐含量的增加,三种树脂对柠檬黄的吸附曲线又表现出不同的变化趋势。     

Superior CO2 uptake on nitrogen doped carbonaceous adsorbents from commercial phenolic resin

In this study, N-doped porous carbons were produced with commercial phenolic resin as the raw material, urea as the nitrogen source and KOH as the activation agent. Different from conventional carbonization-nitriding-activation three-step method, a facile two-step process was explored to produce N-incorporated porous carbons. The as-obtained adsorbents hold superior CO₂ uptake, i.e. 5.01 and 7.47 mmol/g at 25?°C and 0?°C under 1 bar, respectively. The synergistic effects of N species on the surface and narrow micropores of the adsorbents decide their CO₂ uptake under 25?°C and atmospheric pressure. These phenolic resin-derived adsorbents also possess many extremely promising CO₂ adsorption features like good recyclability, quick adsorption kinetics, modest heat of adsorption, great selectivity of CO₂ over N₂ and outstanding dynamic adsorption capacity. Cheap precursor, easy preparation strategy and excellent CO₂ adsorption properties make these phenolic resin-derived N-doped carbonaceous adsorbents highly promising in CO₂ capture.     

阿哈水库DOM的分离及其对消毒副产物的贡献

为研究高原喀斯特湖库DOM（dissolved organic matter,溶解性有机质）的组成及其化学特征对DBPs（disinfection by-products,消毒副产物）生成路径的影响,以西南喀斯特地区贵阳市阿哈水库的DOM为研究对象,结合XAD大孔树脂分离技术,通过化学表征〔包括UV-Vis（紫外-可见光光谱）、FTIR（红外光谱）和3D-EEM（三维荧光光谱）〕手段来研究各组分对C-DBPs（含碳消毒副产物）和N-DBPs（含氮消毒副产物）的生成贡献.不同组分芳香性的大小依次为HON（憎水中性物）> HIB（亲水碱）> HOA（憎水酸）> HIN（亲水中性物）≈HIA（亲水酸）> HOB（憎水碱）.憎水与亲水DOM的DBPs生成潜能相近.其中,HON最高,其次为HIB和HOA.HIB和HOA的主要卤代反应位分别来源于藻类有机物的蛋白质和富里酸,而HON的DBPs生成潜能的贡献主要为分子中的芳香和共轭不饱和结构.HIA和HIN的构成主要为脂肪烃,贡献较低的DBPs的生成潜能.对于C-DBPs,THMs和HAAs的生成潜能总体相近,不同组分的差异明显.对于N-DBPs,卤乙腈的生成潜能占80%以上,憎水DOM的贡献较高.DBPs的生成路径从UV-Vis、FTIR和3D-EEM的官能团和特征峰解析结果中均得到了较好的响应.      

Amino acids during development of mountain birch leaves

Summary. The nutritive value of tree foliage for herbivores decreases rapidly with leaf maturation, due in particular to the decline in leaf nitrogen content. Since the amino acid content of plants differs from the need of herbivores for individual amino acids, we examined developmental changes in the contents of amino acids throughout the growth season of mountain birch. The contents of free and protein-bound amino acids, as well as essential and nonessential ones, displayed different patterns with leaf maturation, suggesting that total nitrogen or protein levels are poor predictors of the nutritive status of leaves. The contents of protein-bound amino acids were 100 times higher than those of free amino acids, indicating that the role of free amino acids in nutrition of herbivores is probably less important than that of protein-bound amino acids. Among protein-bound amino acids, both the absolute and the relative contents of two nitrogen-rich essential amino acids, lysine and arginine, decreased during early leaf growth, presumably reducing nitrogen availability in developing leaves. Essential amino acids were mainly positively related to each other, suggesting the co-ordinated regulation of their synthesis. Changes in correlations among individual free amino acids reflected developmental changes in allocation preferences between biosynthesis pathways with leaf growth. Received 31 January 2003; accepted 17 March 2003. R1D=" Correspondence to: Teija Ruuhola, e-mail: teiruu@utu.fi     

组合工艺处理高浓度酚醛废水的研究

针对绝缘材料厂酚醛树脂生产废水高酚高醛的水质特点，研究了二次缩合-化学氧化-粉煤灰吸附组合处理工艺。结果表明，经该工艺处理后不仅出水酚含量可降至0．3mg／L以下，CODCr10．2mg／L左右，各项水质指标均达到了GB8978—96污水综合排放一级标准，同时还可回收一定数量的树脂。     

D301R树脂对铬(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究

在pH=2.63的HAc-NaAc体系中,D301R树脂对Cr(Ⅵ)有较好的吸附性。树脂的静态饱和吸附容量为206mg/g。用 5％NH4CI和10％NH3·H2O的混合液能定量洗脱,测得吸附速率常数k298=2.52×10~(-4)/s。吸附过程遵守Freundlich等温式。298K 时测得吸附热力学参数△H=3.33kJ/mol、△G=-6.96kJ/mol、△S=34.5J/(mol·K)。树脂功能基与Cr(Ⅵ)的配位比为1:1。