玻纤增强复合材料在厦门地区自然老化及寿命预测研究

目的 研究玻璃纤维增强不饱和聚酯树脂的自然老化机理,预估该复合材料在厦门地区的使用寿命。方法 研究玻璃纤维增强不饱和聚酯树脂在厦门近海地区大气暴露、海水飞溅、海水全浸等3种方式下,自然老化3 a的表面形貌变化和力学性能变化规律。通过扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪观察试样的微观结构,解释老化机理。运用线性回归方程对该复合材料的使用寿命进行预测。结果 获得了该复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度等力学性能在老化过程中的变化规律,得到了大气暴露方式下试样的线性回归方程,计算得到弯曲强度下降到75%时的使用寿命。结论 该复合材料在大气暴露方式下的自然老化程度最大,在海水全浸方式下的自然老化程度最小。在老化过程中,主要是复合材料表面的不饱和聚酯树脂老化、脱离。以弯曲强度下降到75%为失效指标,计算得出复合材料的寿命为93.3个月。     

Factors influencing antibiotics adsorption onto engineered adsorbents

The study evaluated the adsorption of two antibiotics by four engineered adsorbents (hypercrosslinked resin MN-202, macroporous resin XAD-4, activated carbon F-400, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)) from aqueous solutions. The dynamic results demonstrated the dominant influence of pore size in adsorption. The adsorption amounts of antibiotics on XAD-4 were attributed to the hydrophobic effect, whereas steric hindrance or micropore-filling played a main role in the adsorption of antibiotics by F-400 because of its high microporosity. Aside from F-400, similar patterns of pH-dependent adsorption were observed, implying the importance of antibiotic molecular forms to the adsorption process for adsorbents. Increasing the ionic concentration with CaCl2 produced particular adsorption characteristics on MWCNT at pH 2.0 and F-400 at pH 8.0, which were attributed to the highly available contact surfaces and molecular sieving, respectively. Its hybrid characteristics incorporating a considerable portion of mesopores and micropores made hypercross linked MN-202 a superior antibiotic adsorbent with high adsorption capacity. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity of MWCNT on the basis of surface area was more advantageous than that of the other adsorbents because MWCNT has a much more compact molecular arrangement.     

D301树脂对水中氟虫腈的吸附去除研究

文章研究D301树脂对水溶液中氟虫腈的吸附行为,考察了吸附剂投加量和溶液pH值对吸附效果的影响,对吸附等温线和吸附动力学进行了探讨,并选择不同模型对吸附曲线进行拟合。结果表明,当氟虫腈溶液初始浓度为2 mg/L,吸附剂投加量为0.5 g/L时,氟虫腈的去除率达到100%;溶液pH值在3⁹范围内变化时,对吸附的影响较小,相对而言pH=7的吸附效果最好;D301树脂对氟虫腈的吸附等温线满足Langmuir吸附等温式和Freundlich吸附等温式,相关系数R2分别为0.994和0.991;吸附动力学符合Lagergren一级反应方程。总体来说,D301树脂对氟虫腈的吸附效果较好。     

基于石墨烯-氧化镍杂化物与二氧化钛纳米管协效阻燃环氧树脂的制备及研究

通过共沉淀法制备了石墨烯-氧化镍杂化材料,通过水热法制备了二氧化钛纳米管,然后利用溶液共混法制备了石墨烯-氧化镍/二氧化钛纳米管/环氧树脂纳米复合材料。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、拉曼光谱仪和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对纳米材料的结构和形貌进行表征;热重分析数据表明复合材料的热稳定性有所提高;锥形量热测试结果显示,将石墨烯-氧化镍杂化物与二氧化钛纳米管进行复配,加入环氧树脂中,可以有效降低材料的热释放速率峰值和总热释放。     

载钯树脂对偶氮类染料的吸附降解及其产物对发光菌的毒性暴露试验

合成了表面负载金属钯的聚丙烯醛异烟酰腙树脂后,通过Q67发光菌的毒性暴露实验研究了该树脂材料对直接大红、直接天蓝和桃红等3种水溶性偶氮染料的催化降解效果及其在降解过程中对发光菌的生物毒性变化情况,并对降解结果进行了气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析.实验结果表明:载钯树脂对直接大红、直接天蓝和桃红等偶氮染料具有良好的吸附...     

糠醛树脂防砂工艺在临盘油田的应用

针对临盘油田盘河区块地层砂粒细、泥质含量偏高,导致油井实施高压充填防砂后大面积堵塞、小井眼防砂措施有效率偏低两方面的问题,成功试验引进糠醛树脂防砂工艺。2010年初至2011年末,共在临盘油田试验22口井,有效率达86.3%,累计增油13 319.1t。该技术在临盘油田的成功应用,为同类油藏的防砂和开发提供了宝贵的经验和数据,具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

螯合沉淀法处理电镀废水的工业实践

介绍了一个采用螯合沉淀法处理电镀废水的典型工业实例.在工业装置上,进行了氢氧化钠、硫化钠和DT-CR去除重金属离子效果的对比,讨论了DTCR的加入量与处理成本的关系和pH值对DTCR用量的影响.结果表明,将废水的pH值调至8.0～8.5后再加DTCR,可以使DTCR的使用量最少,处理成本最低;此法对重金属离子的去除效果远优于传统化学沉淀法.     

金属有机骨架材料对水中有机酸的吸附性能

制备了MIL-100(Fe)、MIL-100(Cr)和NH_2-MIL-101(Al)3种金属有机骨架(MOFs)材料,考察了这3种MOFs材料对苯甲酸、水杨酸和山梨酸3种有机酸模拟废水的吸附处理效果,并与大孔吸附树脂D101进行了比较。实验结果表明:NH_2-MIL-101(Al)对苯甲酸的平衡吸附量最大,D101平衡吸附量中等,MIL-100(Cr)和MIL-100(Fe)平衡吸附量很小;NH_2-MIL-101(Al)对山梨酸具有优异的吸附性能,MIL-100(Cr)、MIL-100(Fe)和D101对山梨酸的平衡吸附量较低;3种MOFs材料和D101对水杨酸的平衡吸附量均很小。NH_2-MIL-101(Al)对山梨酸和苯甲酸的等温吸附过程可用Langmuir方程更好地拟合;NH_2-MIL-101(Al)对水杨酸的等温吸附过程可用Freundlich方程更好地拟合。     

Insight into selective removal of copper from high-concentration nickel solutions with XPS and DFT: New technique to prepare 5N-nickel with chelating resin

An efficient and profitable separation process was proposed to prepare 5N(the purity of the metal solution reaches 99.999%) high-purity nickel from 3N nickel-solutions using Purolite S984. The adsorption performance of this superior resin, especially its selectivity for metal ions,was explored quantitatively. The maximum adsorption capacity for copper was 2.286 mmol/g calculated by the Langmuir model, which was twice as large as that for nickel. In the binary systems, the adsorption capacity for nickel was decreased by 45%, indicating direct competition for the active sites. The infinite separation factor for copper versus nickel exceeded 300, revealing the feasibility of preparing5N-level high-purity nickel solutions, which was further verified using the 800 BV(bed volume) effluent in the column dynamic process.According to the cost–benefit analysis, purification contributed to a profit of approximately 60,000 USD per cycle, and the investment return period was less than 1/3 years. Density functional theory analysis confirmed that four nitrogen atoms would be involved in the coordination complex and thus a structure involving two five-membered rings could be achieved. The X-ray photoelectron spectra confirmed the involvement of nitrogen atoms,implying a coordination ratio of approximately 1:1.     

石化行业废气中挥发性有机污染物的调查

为了解石化行业挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的污染排放特征,选取惠州市石化污水处理厂及树脂生产加工车间释放的废气为调查对象,采用"冷阱富集—GC/MS"技术检测了这两类废气中VOCs的含量与组成。结果表明:石化污水处理厂主要污染物为烷烃、苯系物及烯烃等3类共64种VOCs成分,总浓度为241 mg/m~3,特征污染物为间/对二甲苯,质量分数为6.4%;树脂生产加工车间中主要污染物为烷烃、苯系物及醛类等3类共27种VOCs成分,总浓度达1235 mg/m~3,特征污染物为2-乙基-1,3-二氧戊环,质量分数为18.5%。