糠醛树脂防砂工艺在临盘油田的应用

针对临盘油田盘河区块地层砂粒细、泥质含量偏高,导致油井实施高压充填防砂后大面积堵塞、小井眼防砂措施有效率偏低两方面的问题,成功试验引进糠醛树脂防砂工艺。2010年初至2011年末,共在临盘油田试验22口井,有效率达86.3%,累计增油13 319.1t。该技术在临盘油田的成功应用,为同类油藏的防砂和开发提供了宝贵的经验和数据,具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

金属有机骨架材料对水中有机酸的吸附性能

制备了MIL-100(Fe)、MIL-100(Cr)和NH_2-MIL-101(Al)3种金属有机骨架(MOFs)材料,考察了这3种MOFs材料对苯甲酸、水杨酸和山梨酸3种有机酸模拟废水的吸附处理效果,并与大孔吸附树脂D101进行了比较。实验结果表明:NH_2-MIL-101(Al)对苯甲酸的平衡吸附量最大,D101平衡吸附量中等,MIL-100(Cr)和MIL-100(Fe)平衡吸附量很小;NH_2-MIL-101(Al)对山梨酸具有优异的吸附性能,MIL-100(Cr)、MIL-100(Fe)和D101对山梨酸的平衡吸附量较低;3种MOFs材料和D101对水杨酸的平衡吸附量均很小。NH_2-MIL-101(Al)对山梨酸和苯甲酸的等温吸附过程可用Langmuir方程更好地拟合;NH_2-MIL-101(Al)对水杨酸的等温吸附过程可用Freundlich方程更好地拟合。     

Insight into selective removal of copper from high-concentration nickel solutions with XPS and DFT: New technique to prepare 5N-nickel with chelating resin

An efficient and profitable separation process was proposed to prepare 5N(the purity of the metal solution reaches 99.999%) high-purity nickel from 3N nickel-solutions using Purolite S984. The adsorption performance of this superior resin, especially its selectivity for metal ions,was explored quantitatively. The maximum adsorption capacity for copper was 2.286 mmol/g calculated by the Langmuir model, which was twice as large as that for nickel. In the binary systems, the adsorption capacity for nickel was decreased by 45%, indicating direct competition for the active sites. The infinite separation factor for copper versus nickel exceeded 300, revealing the feasibility of preparing5N-level high-purity nickel solutions, which was further verified using the 800 BV(bed volume) effluent in the column dynamic process.According to the cost–benefit analysis, purification contributed to a profit of approximately 60,000 USD per cycle, and the investment return period was less than 1/3 years. Density functional theory analysis confirmed that four nitrogen atoms would be involved in the coordination complex and thus a structure involving two five-membered rings could be achieved. The X-ray photoelectron spectra confirmed the involvement of nitrogen atoms,implying a coordination ratio of approximately 1:1.     

Organic matter and amino acid concentrations in surface sediments of Vembanad Lake – a tropical estuary, west coast of India

The surface sediments of Vembanad Lake, a tropical estuary on the west coast of India, were analyzed for carbon (TC, TOC, TIC), nitrogen (TN), amino acids and two amino sugars. C/N ratios for the surface sediments vary from 1.0–21.8, indicating terrestrial sources of organic matter. Various biogeochemical indicators based on amino acids such as Asp/β-ala and Glu/γ-aba ratios revealed that the organic matter in the 5- to 10-cm surface sediments was fresh and had not undergone extensive degradation. However, the Gluam/Galam ratio for surface sediments of Vembanad Lake varies from 0.4–2.1, indicating the dominance of bacterial biomass in the sediments. Organic matter in the sediments was found to be highly reactive, with a reactivity index ranging from 2.4–7.4, suggesting rapid remineralization. Electronic Publication     

树脂吸附法处理对氨基苯酚废水

采用自制的NDA-99特种复合功能树脂处理对氨基苯酚（PAP）生产废水,考察了各种因素对吸附和脱附效果的影响。小试实验结果得出的工艺条件为：吸附流量2．0BV／h,吸附温度15℃,单柱吸附量10BV;脱附剂为2BV盐酸（质量分数1．5％）＋2BV水。中试试验结果表明,在上述工艺条件下,NDA-99树脂处理PAP废水的吸附性能和脱附性能稳定,平均COD去除率约为93％,平均PAP脱附率达98％。     

废弃FR4环氧树脂覆铜板热解特性及固体残余物组成

采用TG(热重分析仪)和自制小尺度管式炉热解试验台架装置分别探讨了电子废弃物FR4环氧树脂玻璃纤维覆铜板在纯N2气氛中,以10 K/min升温速率加热到800℃的热解特性及在不同热解终温、停留时间下的固体残余物质量分布规律;采用SEM(扫描电子显微镜)分别对2种热解终温(450℃、550℃)下热解后玻璃纤维布进行微观形貌表征。TG热解结果表明,试样在N2气氛下热分解反应主要集中在第1阶段(300~400℃),失重量占总失重量65.55%,500℃后热解残余率趋于不变;管式炉热解结果及残余物表观微观形貌表明,热解温度和停留时间对玻璃纤维析出产率影响较大,而对铜析出产率几乎没有影响。当热解温度为550℃且停留时间保持10min时,废弃FR4环氧树脂玻璃纤维覆铜板可充分热解,玻璃纤维层间的环氧树脂系胶结剂已分解完毕,热解残余率达到最低值且玻璃纤维布自身未见明显变化。研究表明,通过热解焚烧技术电子废弃物资源具有规模化再利用的可能性。     

离子交换树脂/活性炭复合电极制备及选择性吸附性能研究

采用阴离子交换树脂和活性炭制备复合电极,探讨了影响复合电极性能的因素并测定了其实际脱盐和选择性吸附性能。结果表明,当选用矿物质活性炭,活性炭与树脂质量比为1∶3,粘结剂PVDF质量分数为10%,制备的复合电极平均电容量为92.0 F/g,对KCl溶液的脱盐率比纯活性炭电极提高了32.1%,对V(Ⅳ)、Al(Ⅲ)两种离子分离因数为29.57,分离效果显著,有较好的电化学性能和选择性吸附性能。     

聚马来酸酐树脂的制备及其对水中环丙沙星的吸附行为和机制

通过沉淀聚合法合成聚马来酸酐树脂(Polymaleic Anhydride Resin,PMA),采用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、比表面分析(BET)和热重(TG)分析对PMA进行了表征.同时,利用PMA对水中环丙沙星(CPX)进行吸附去除,系统研究了原料配比、PMA投加量、pH、离子强度和温度等因素对C...     

胺基修饰的大孔树脂吸附黄连素的研究

为了提高大孔吸附树脂对黄连素的吸附能力,根据黄连素结构特点,对具有苯乙烯骨架的H109树脂进行了胺基修饰.考察了胺基修饰后的特征基团、孔径和比表面积的变化,并测试了经胺基修饰后树脂对黄连素的吸附效果,确定了最佳吸附温度和初始pH.同时,对吸附过程进行吸附动力学和热力学的拟合与分析.红外扫描结果表明:胺基修饰成功,吸附过程中树脂上的胺基与黄连素分子中的醚基形成了氢键;胺基修饰后的HX树脂的孔径和比表面积有所增大,比吸附量比胺基修饰前增加7.9mg·g-1.HX树脂对黄连素的最佳吸附条件为30℃、初始pH值8.吸附过程可以采用伪二级动力学模型和Freundlich吸附等温线进行描述.     

表面防护技术对混凝土结构耐久性能的影响

碳化及其导致的钢筋锈蚀是影响钢筋混凝土耐久性的重要因素。比较了混凝土表面浸渗、涂料涂覆及浸渗＋涂覆复合防护3种表面技术,开展了对混凝土防护的研究。通过碳化试验、紫外/冷凝加速气候老化试验以及混凝土内置钢筋电化学测量等检测手段,研究了3种表面防护技术对混凝土保护性能影响。结果表明,采用硅烷浸渗＋水性氟碳涂层的复合浸涂处理,可明显提高钢筋砼结构耐久性。