3种运行模式下CAST工艺脱氮性能

以模拟城市污水为处理对象,采用循环式活性污泥法（CAST）反应器,对3种运行模式（M1：常规模式,M2：缺氧好氧模式、M3：缺氧好氧交替模式）下系统的脱氮性能进行了研究,比较了各模式下CAST反应器的氨氮和总氮的去除效率,并对各模式下典型周期内氮基质浓度变化进行了考察,以确定系统的脱氮模式。结果表明,在氨氮去除不成为限制条件（去除率〉90％）的条件下,3种运行模式下系统总氮的平均去除率分别为67．3％、70．6％和82．4％,以缺氧好氧交替模式下的最高;M1、M2和M3均可实现亚硝酸型硝化,但随着温度的升高,亚硝酸型硝化逐渐消失。静态实验分析表明,3种模式下系统的氨氧化速率大小次序为：vN：M1〉vN：M2〉vN：M3,反硝化速率大小次序为：vDN,M2〉vDN,M3〉vDN,M1。     

竹制填料生物接触氧化工艺处理污染河水简

针对受污染的湖溪河水质特征,以传统弹性塑料填料做对比,研究以竹球和竹丝为填料的生物接触氧化工艺,考察填料的挂膜时间、生物量和污水处理效果;确定连续曝气和间歇曝气时反应器的最优运行工况：连续曝气时为HRT=7.5 h,DO=3 mg/L;间歇曝气时为厌氧1.2 h、好氧6.3 h交替运行。实验结果表明,与弹性塑料填料相比,竹制填料挂膜速度快,竹球填料的水处理效果最好;连续曝气最优工况下竹球填料反应器中COD、TN、NH₃-N和TP的平均去除率分别为66.7%、47.9%、57.1%和30.6%;间歇曝气最优工况下竹球填料反应器中COD、TN、NH₃-N和TP的平均去除率分别64.08%、39.95%、60.7%和54.68%;竹制填料可替代传统的塑料填料作为生物接触氧化工艺的载体填料。     

湖库型水体总氮总量控制目标的区域分配研究

基于层次分析法原理,以资源禀赋、社会经济、农业生产生活、污染治理水平为主要考虑因素设计指标体系和层次结构,建立了湖库型水体总氮总量控制目标分配方法,并在石头口门水库流域进行了应用,为湖库型水体总氮总量控制目标分配及石头口门水库流域总氮总量控制提供借鉴。     

Comprehensive Environmental Investigation at Former Industrial/Petroleum Underground Storage Tank Sites in Long Beach,CA: A Forensic Perspective

Two industrial sites were investigated based on years of available hydrogeologic information and monitoring data for soil and groundwater. Collected data were forensically evaluated using age-dating and fingerprinting methods. The previous business uses of the project sites were as a gas station, laundry/dry-cleaning service, and car wash with petroleum underground storage tanks (USTs). As a result, these sites were exposed to a number of toxic contaminants at relatively high concentrations. Source control was necessary for successful remediation and the ultimate removal of the remaining compounds from these industrial sites. Although contaminated soil around the source was excavated during the remedial action and the high concentrations of contaminants were reduced, typical groundwater contaminants such as petroleum hydrocarbons as gasoline (TPH-G), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (BTEX), and oxygenates including methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) were persistently found at the studied sites around the source points. The plume and concentration of contaminants had changed their shapes and strength for all monitoring periods. Thus, additional source control seems to be a requirement for the complete removal of source contamination, which must be ascertained with groundwater and soil monitoring on a regular time base. For the study sites, monitored natural attenuation was relatively feasible for the long-term plan; however, it did not offer a perfect remediation solution for an ultimate goal because of residual toxic compounds that might have affected the surrounding residential areas at higher concentrations than their health limits. Therefore, as a remediation strategy, the combination of clean-up technology and natural attenuation with monitoring activities are more highly recommended than either clean-up or natural attenuation used separately.     

光/电法氨氮降解过程中协同作用的研究

为了研究光/电法在氨氮降解过程中的协同作用,采用光/电法降解模拟工业循环冷却水中的氨氮,并对氨氮降解过程中的各影响因素进行了研究,考察了氯离子浓度和溶液p H对降解效率的影响。结果表明,与传统的光催化法和电化学法相比,光/电法在氨氮降解过程中存在良好的协同效应,因而具有更高的氨氮去除率,这主要归功于溶液氯离子的促进作用。另外,在酸性条件下,氨氮降解效率得到进一步加强。当p H在4~5之间,电流密度为10 m A/cm2,Na Cl浓度为100 mg/L时,在经过90 min光/电法处理后氨氮去除率高达95%,且N2占总氨氮降解产物的84.2%。     

中国食品工业可持续发展现状分析与对策——基于河南、四川、青海三省食品企业的调查

改革开放30多年来,中国的食品工业有突飞猛进的发展,食品企业的生产能力大幅提升,但中国食品工业仍然存在着诸如食品质量体系不健全、食品安全隐患大等问题.分析了我国食品工业可持续发展生产的背景,然后就河南、四川、青海三省的食品企业可持续发展生产状况做了问卷分析.根据问卷分析结果,从政府层面、企业层面、社会层面提出促进我国食品工业可持续发展的建议.     

含氨氮催化剂生产废水的处理

采用加入淀粉的短程硝化-反硝化一体化技术处理低碳含NH3-N催化剂废水。通过中试确定了适宜的工艺参数,并在工业化装置上进行了验证。试验结果表明：在DO为0.5 mg/L左右、淀粉加入量为0.25 kg/ m3、HRT=30 h的条件下,短程硝化-反硝化一体化技术具有较好的处理效果,NH3-N去除率大于97%,且具有较强的抗冲击负荷的能力; 出水的COD<100 mg/L,ρ（NH3-N）<10 mg/L,达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》的一级排放标准。工业化装置的运行费用以NH3-N计为2.3 元/kg、以废水计为4.6 元/t。该法适用于中低浓度（ρ（NH3-N）<300 mg/L）废水的处理。     

Using multivariate regression modeling for sampling and predicting chemical characteristics of mixed waste in old landfills

Municipal solid waste landfills pose a threat on environment and human health, especially old landfills which lack facilities for collection and treatment of landfill gas and leachate. Consequently, missing information about emission flows prevent site-specific environmental risk assessments. To overcome this gap, the combination of waste sampling and analysis with statistical modeling is one option for estimating present and future emission potentials. Optimizing the tradeoff between investigation costs and reliable results requires knowledge about both: the number of samples to be taken and variables to be analyzed.This article aims to identify the optimized number of waste samples and variables in order to predict a larger set of variables. Therefore, we introduce a multivariate linear regression model and tested the applicability by usage of two case studies. Landfill A was used to set up and calibrate the model based on 50 waste samples and twelve variables. The calibrated model was applied to Landfill B including 36 waste samples and twelve variables with four predictor variables.The case study results are twofold: first, the reliable and accurate prediction of the twelve variables can be achieved with the knowledge of four predictor variables (Loi, EC, pH and Cl). For the second Landfill B, only ten full measurements would be needed for a reliable prediction of most response variables. The four predictor variables would exhibit comparably low analytical costs in comparison to the full set of measurements. This cost reduction could be used to increase the number of samples yielding an improved understanding of the spatial waste heterogeneity in landfills.Concluding, the future application of the developed model potentially improves the reliability of predicted emission potentials. The model could become a standard screening tool for old landfills if its applicability and reliability would be tested in additional case studies.     

城市道路沉积物氮、磷溶出特性

国内外众多研究表明,城市不透水表面沉积物是雨水径流中污染物的重要来源。以北京市某道路沉积物为研究对象,对城市道路沉积物的粒径分布进行了分析,并通过批量实验,研究了不同粒径道路沉积物中氮、磷营养物及有机物(COD)的溶出特性。实验结果表明,粒径较大的沉积物中氮含量较高,而粒径较小的沉积物中磷含量较高;虽然TP、PO3-4、TN、NO-3、NH+4、COD的溶出浓度、溶出速率变化特征各不相同,但总体趋势是粒径越小氮、磷及COD溶出浓度和溶出速率越大,且最大溶出速率都出现在前5 min。因此,为实现对城市雨水径流污染的有效控制,应采用源头控制措施对小粒径道路沉积物和初期雨水进行有效控制。     

间歇曝气潜流人工湿地的污水脱氮效果

采用间歇曝气运行方式,提升潜流人工湿地生活污水处理系统中的溶解氧浓度,强化脱氮效果。结果表明,间歇曝气运行方式有效提高了湿地内部溶解氧水平,曝气时溶解氧浓度可达6~9 mg/L,停止曝气后,溶解氧浓度迅速下降至0.5 mg/L以下,在湿地内部营造了一种交替的好氧和缺氧环境,分别促进好氧硝化和缺氧反硝化作用。在水力停留时间为3 d的情况下,间歇曝气潜流人工湿地系统对氨氮、总氮和COD的去除率分别可达到98.0%、87.6%和96.3%,较常规潜流人工湿地系统分别提高了74.1%、56.4%和18.1%,实现了氨氮、总氮和COD的同步高效去除。