高氨氮浓度下的亚硝化过程及其影响因素研究

利用小试 CSTR反应器对高氨氮浓度条件下的亚硝化过程进行了试验研究 ,结果表明 :35℃时 ,在无污泥回流的情况下 ,运行 2 6 d后即实现了亚硝化 ,从第 73d开始出水中检测不出 NO3- ;在增加了连续污泥回流的情况下 ,反应器的运行更稳定 ,且出水中仍检测不到 NO3- ;反应器内的污泥具有很高的氨氧化活性 ,其最大氨氧化速率可达 3.0 1 kg N H+ 4- N / ( kg VSS· d) ;并利用间歇试验对 p H和 DO等对氨氧化速率的影响进行了研究     

A review on completing arsenic biogeochemical cycle：Microbial volatilization of arsines in environment

Arsenic （As） is ubiquitous in the environment in the carcinogenic inorganic forms, posing risks to human health in many parts of the world. Many microorganisms have evolved a series of mechanisms to cope with inorganic arsenic in their growth media such as transforming As compounds into volatile derivatives. Bio-volatilization of As has been suggested to play an important role in global As biogeochemical cycling, and can also be explored as a potential method for arsenic bioremediation. This review aims to provide an overview of the quality and quantity of As volatilization by fungi, bacteria, microalga and protozoans. Arsenic bio-volatilization is influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors that can be manipulated/elucidated for the purpose of As bioremediation. Since As bio- volatilization is a resurgent topic for both biogeochemistry and environmental health, our review serves as a concept paper for future research directions.     

氮输入对纳帕海沼泽湿地土壤氨挥发和反硝化的影响

选取纳帕海常见湿地植物茭草（Zizania caduciflora）和水葱（Scirpus validus）]及其生长土壤为对象,通过培养实验,研究了3个不同氮输入水平[0g-m^2（对照,NO）、20g-m^2（N20）、40g-m^2。（N40）]对茭草和水葱湿地土壤氨挥发和反硝化的影响。结果表明：氮输入促进了茭草和水葱湿地土壤氨挥发化作用,增加了湿地土壤氨挥发的累积量。适量的氮输入对湿地土壤氨挥发促进显著。在培养前期适量氮输入下的氨挥发积累量高于高水平氮输入的,随着培养时间的延长,后期适量氮输入下的积累量明显下降;而高水半氮输入处理下氨挥发积累量的明显增加,适量氮输入下茭草氨挥发积累大于水葱。氮输入增强了菱草和水葱湿地土壤反硝化作用,加快了反硝化N2O的排放。适量的氮输入促进茭草反硝化作用和反硝化损失量增加明显,培养的前期的适量氮输入处理下的反硝化作用和反硝化N2O的排放增强不明显,随着培养时间的延长,高水平氮输入处理下的反硝化损失量越明显,并且水葱较茭草更为明显。后期适量氮输入下的反硝化损失速率和反硝化损失量高于高水平氮输入,适量氮输入较高水平氮输人促进明显,高水平的氮输入限制了反硝化损失,反硝化N2O的排放总量下降,土壤中氮富集增大。     

两级常温厌氧—好氧—固定化微生物组合工艺处理酿酒废水

酿酒废水是一种典型的高氨氮浓度的有机废水.采用两级常温厌氧-好氧-固定化微生物组合工艺对酿酒废水进行中试研究,重点考察了各级工艺对有机物和氨氮的去除效果,并且对影响系统稳定运行的主要因素进行分析.试验结果表明,稳定运行状态下,一级厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器对有机物去除率可达到70%～90%,处理效果受环境温度影响较大;二级EGSB反应器可以同时去除有机物和氮氧化物;三级好氧接触氧化反应器对有机物的去除率可达到70%,氨氮去除率维持在50%;包埋硝化菌流化床反应器最终能有效地去除水中的氨氮,出水氨氮质量浓度低于15 mg/L.     

低温下膜-生物活性炭工艺深度处理回用水的试验研究

开展低温下膜-生物活性炭工艺深度处理回用水的试验研究，探讨该工艺低温运行的可行性及作用机制。结果表明，采用HRT为3h的膜-生物活性炭反应器对回用水中有机物具有良好的去除效果，CODcr，UV254、UV410的去除率分别稳定在33％、35％、40％；对NH3-N的去除效果不明显，其平均去除率在15％左右，主要受原水浓度过高的影响。同时与其他工艺进行对比研究，结果表明，由于该工艺结合了膜分离、活性炭吸附、生物降解三者的综合作用而表现出明显的优势。     

Overlooked nitrogen-cycling microorganisms in biological wastewater treatment

• AOA and comammox bacteria can be more abundant and active than AOB/NOB at WWTPs. • Coupled DNRA/anammox and NO_x-DAMO/anammox/comammox processes are demonstrated. • Substrate level, SRT and stressors determine the niches of overlooked microbes. • Applications of overlooked microbes in enhancing nitrogen removal are promising. Nitrogen-cycling microorganisms play key roles at the intersection of microbiology and wastewater engineering. In addition to the well-studied ammonia oxidizing bacteria, nitrite oxidizing bacteria, heterotrophic denitrifiers, and anammox bacteria, there are some other N-cycling microorganisms that are less abundant but functionally important in wastewater nitrogen removal. These microbes include, but not limited to ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA), complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) bacteria, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (DNRA) bacteria, and nitrate/nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidizing (NO_x-DAMO) microorganisms. In the past decade, the development of high-throughput molecular technologies has enabled the detection, quantification, and characterization of these minor populations. The aim of this review is therefore to synthesize the current knowledge on the distribution, ecological niche, and kinetic properties of these “overlooked” N-cycling microbes at wastewater treatment plants. Their potential applications in novel wastewater nitrogen removal processes are also discussed. A comprehensive understanding of these overlooked N-cycling microbes from microbiology, ecology, and engineering perspectives will facilitate the design and operation of more efficient and sustainable biological nitrogen removal processes.     

影响石油污染物挥发行为的因素

进行了4种不同石油制品在不同温度时的挥发试验,并对其挥发量与挥发时间的关系进行了模拟,试验结果表明,柴油和煤油的挥发量与挥发时间呈二次多项式关系,而90#汽油的挥发量与挥发时间呈对数关系,混合芳烃的挥发量与挥发时间呈线性关系。柴油经过不同程度的挥发后,其物理性质如粘度和比重发生了改变,其中柴油粘度随着挥发而增加,并且柴油的粘度与挥发质量分数有很好的正相关性,相关系数为0.988。     

土层中石油烃类污染物索氏抽提流程改进及回收氯仿资源化研究

通过对土层中石油烃类污染物索氏抽提流程的改进 ,实现蒸馏氯仿的回收与再利用。实验结果表明 ,用改进索氏抽提流程测的有机物含量与传统的流程相比 ,所减少的石油烃类物质损耗占总石油物质含量的 1 0 % ;同时 ,蒸馏回收的氯仿的 70 %可以重新用于索氏抽提 ,由此产生的误差小于 1 % ,不会影响残油微生物降解试验的分析精度 ,具有资源回收与保护环境的双重效应     

“填料+丝网”除雾技术在石化电厂氨法脱硫的工业应用

采用“填料+丝网”除雾的氨法脱硫工艺技术解决氨法脱硫“烟气拖尾”及气溶胶等问题，并在克拉玛依石化公司热电厂进行应用实践。实际的脱硫效率达到了98%以上，出口烟尘尘小于10mg/m3。