水源水生物处理工艺启动中氨氮的去除

通过沉淀槽与生化槽串联的试验系统，分析了微污染水源水生物接触氧化处理工艺启动过程氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的变化规律。研究结果表明，在无暴气条件下和曝气条件下，填料上硝酸盐细菌的生长均依赖于亚硝酸盐细菌转化氨氮为亚硝酸盐氮的过程。启动中氨氮去除效果趋于稳定的过程是两类硝化细菌在生长速率和转化能力上趋于稳定的过程。提供生化槽充足的曝光气量是保证填料上硝化细菌稳定生长，顺利完全启动过程的必要条件。     

大连湾挥发性有机污染物挥发速率常数估算

本文采用气－液双膜模型和大连湾水文参数，对大连湾检测出的挥发性有机物的挥发速率常数进行估算。结果表明，三氯乙烯等１４种挥发性有机物在大连湾海域中的挥发速率常数在８．０×１０＾－３ｈ－１－１．４×１０＾－２×＾－１之间，挥发半衰期在５０ｈ＝８０ｈ之间。因此，挥发至大气是这些在机物主要归宿。     

生物滴滤池去除氨气的挂膜实验研究

硝化菌的挂膜问题一直是氨气处理中较难解决的问题,采用生物滴滤池对天然斜发沸石和多面空心小球进行硝化菌挂膜研究.实验表明沸石在15天左右就能基本完成硝化菌的挂膜启动,而小球则要20天才能完成;随着 COD:NH3-N降低,各载体生物膜量有所减少;同时,生物膜内生物相也相应改变.     

利用废氨水和甲醇洗尾气生产碳胺的技术探讨

利用化肥厂副产氨水和甲醇洗后排放的尾气生产含氮＞１７％，含水＜４％的碳酸氢胺。该生产工艺较成熟，投资省，成本低，具有较好的经济效益和环境效益。     

高效藻类塘氮磷去除机理的研究进展

首先介绍了高效藻类塘的发展历史和特点，其次简述了高效藻类塘的生物特性和物理化学变化规律，并重点论述了高效藻类塘的氮磷去除机理及其影响因素，最后对高效藻类塘在控制非点源污染中的应用前景进行展望。     

Biological elimination of H2S and NH3 from wastegases by biofilter packed with immobilized heterotrophic bacteria

Biotreatment of various ratios of H₂S and NH₃ gas mixtures was studied using the biofilters, packed with co-immobilized cells (Arthrobacter oxydans CH8 for NH₃ and Pseudomonas putida CH11 for H₂S). Extensive tests to determine removal characteristics, removal efficiency, removal kinetics, and pressure drops of the biofilters were performed. To estimate the largest allowable inlet concentration, a prediction model was also employed. Greater than 95% and 90% removal efficiencies were observed for NH₃ and H₂S, respectively, irrespective of the ratios of H₂S and NH₃ gas mixtures. The results showed that H₂S removal of the biofilter was significantly affected by high inlet concentrations of H₂S and NH₃. As high H₂S concentration was an inhibitory substrate for the growth of heterotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, the activity of H₂S oxidation was thus inhibited. In the case of high NH₃ concentration, the poor H₂S removal efficiency might be attributed to the acidification of the biofilter. The phenomenon was caused by acidic metabolite accumulation of NH₃. Through kinetic analysis, the presence of NH₃ did not hinder the NH₃ removal, but a high H₂S concentration would result in low removal efficiency. Conversely, H₂S of adequate concentrations would favor the removal of incoming NH₃. The results also indicated that maximum inlet concentrations (model-estimated) agreed well with the experimental values for space velocities of 50–150 h⁻¹. Hence, the results would be used as the guideline for the design and operation of biofilters.     

厨余好氧堆肥中的氮素转化与氮素损失研究

试验采用静态好氧工艺对厨余垃圾进行了堆肥化处理,实验结果反映了厨余堆肥各形态氮的转化规律及其氮损失的数量和氨挥发的阶段。堆制期间,厨余堆肥全氮、有机氮的含量呈显著下降趋势,铵氮含量呈上升趋势,硝氮含量变化不大;堆肥结束后,厨余堆肥水溶性氮组分大量提高,堆肥有机氮90%以上以水溶态形式存在,水溶性总氮达到了堆肥全氮的81%;一次发酵前后,厨余堆肥全氮含量下降了26.3%,总氮损失率达50.0%。氨挥发是厨余堆肥氮损失的重要途径,氨挥发主要集中在堆肥高温阶段的中后期。     

碱氨蚀刻废液处理方法研究

论述了碱氨蚀刻废液处理方法的试验研究．研究包括碱法回收氢氧化铜，酸法回收胆矾和电解法回收金属铜等三种方法．     

脲酶抑制剂NBPT提前施用对尿素水解和氨挥发的影响

采用室内模拟培养试验,研究了脲酶抑制剂N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)比尿素提前施用不同天数(1、3、5 d)对土壤尿素残留量、铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)含量、脲酶活性及氨(NH_3)挥发的影响。结果表明,提前3 d施用NBPT效果最优,能使整个培养期(0~20 d)土壤脲酶活性保持较低水平,土壤中尿素完全水解的时间由单施尿素的7 d延长至15~20 d,可使土壤在培养末期(20 d)保持较高水平的NH+4-N含量,同时使NH_3挥发峰值出现时间比单施尿素推迟4 d、峰值强度降低74.5%、培养期内NH_3~-N累积挥发量降低53.5%。     

缓释复合肥在不同土壤水分条件下氨挥发特性研究

采用"通气法"室内培养试验研究了非包膜缓释复合肥(SRF)在不同土壤水分条件下的氨挥发损失状况和动力学特性以及盆栽试验条件下水稻生长和氮素利用效率.结果表明,SRF在淹水条件下氨挥发比不淹水处理提前3～4d到达峰值;且峰值和累积氨挥发量也比不淹水培养条件下高.与普通复合肥(CCF)相比,缓释复合肥的氨挥发损失量显著降低,不淹水条件下比等氮量CCF减少氨挥发50.6%和22.8%,淹水条件下比等氮量CCF减少氨挥发24.2%和10.4%,但是其氨挥发损失显著高于包膜缓释肥料(CRF).SRF的氨累积挥发量随施肥水平的增加而增大,其动力学特性可用一级动力学方程、Elovich方程和抛物线扩散方程定量描述.SRF、CCF和CRF各施肥处理在淹水条件下的水稻植株生物量分别比不淹水条件增加67.86%、78.25%和48.75%;氮素利用率分别比不淹水处理增加57.73%、80.70%和12.06%.在不淹水和淹水2种土壤水分条件下,施用SRF处理氮素利用率分别比CCF增加59.10%和10.40%.SRF能够降低氨挥发,提高植株生物量和氮素利用率.