我国青霉素钾盐特征VOCs的挥发损失估算

针对我国典型制药行业--青霉素钾盐生产工艺过程中,特征VOCs的排污节点分析,利用大量调研数据、物料衡算和经验公式,估算了生产每吨青霉素钾盐各排污节点VOCs的挥发量,结合我国近年来青霉素钾盐产量情况,估算出其总排放量.结果表明,在青霉素钾盐生产过程中,特征VOCs为醋酸丁酯和丁醇,主要产生在提取阶段、精制阶段以及储罐呼吸过程中,并且在我国,生产单位质量青霉素钾盐醋酸丁酯和丁醇的挥发量大约为20.49kg/t和12.93kg/t.该研究可为制药行业青霉素钾盐生产工艺过程中VOCs的管理与控制提供科学依据.     

Investigation of spark ignition processes of laminar strained premixed stoichiometric NH3-H2-air flames

A knowledge of the ignition properties of ammonia (NH${}_3$)/hydrogen (H${}_2$) mixtures is important because of their abundance in chemical engineering processes, and also because of their prospective role as fuels in future energy systems. In particular, the question arises if and how important characteristics like ignition limits and minimum ignition energies in NH${}_3$/H${}_2$ mixtures are related to the physical conditions. To address this question, this work studies ignition process in ammonia/hydrogen mixtures by numerical simulations. These track the evolution of ammonia/hydrogen mixtures during and after the deposition of a certain ignition energy, using a detailed treatment of chemical reactions and molecular transport. Studies on the influence of different system parameters on the minimally required ignition energy are performed. These are the strain rate, hydrogen content, pressure and initial (pre-ignition) temperature. Significant findings include a quasi-linear correlation between the transition strain rate, defined as the strain rate below which no external energy is required to initiate successful ignition (auto-ignition) and a characteristic reaction rate, defined as the inverse of ignition delay time in homogeneous, quiescent mixtures. Also, the relative decay of minimum ignition energy with increasing hydrogen content is less pronounced for higher pressures. Analysis of the results supports a knowledge-based approach towards fail-proof ignition devices and reliable prevention of hazards. The simulations are used for assessing the ignitability of ammonia and its mixtures with hydrogen.     

生物炭与化肥混合对氨挥发和磷固定的影响

为探究生物炭化肥的加合作用,利用烟沫(YM)和酒糟(JZ)这2种工业废弃物及农业废弃物玉米秸秆(JG)为原材料制成生物炭,同时将烟沫生物炭进行改性制成烟沫改性生物炭(M-YM),采用培养实验的方法,研究4种生物炭分别在不同化肥配比下,在一定时间内氨挥发和磷固定的规律,以期为生物炭的农业利用提供科学依据.结果表明:①4种...