国内大城市煤改气工程的费用-效益分析

国内大城市以PM10和SO2为主要污染物的煤烟型污染十分严重,因而天然气作为煤的清洁替代品已越来越受到人们的重视。过去天然气作为宝贵的战略资源多被用作化工原料,而对是否应将其作为城市民用燃料存有争论。本研究以北京和重庆为案例城市,对大城市中实施大规模的“煤改气”工程进行了详尽的费用－效益分析（CBA）。其中,采用Rowe与Ostro的剂量－反应函数详细估算了天然气替代煤后产生的外部效益。结果表明,在人口和经济活动高度集中的大城市,使用天然气作民用燃料能有效降低非点源大气污染物排放和低空污染物浓度,产生明显的环境效益,因而具有显著的效益－费用比较优势。最后,本文对激励天然气在大城市的推广提出了环境经济政策建议。     

基于模糊AHP法定权的城市交通环境影响多级灰色评估模型

利用模糊AHP法来确定城市交通环境影响评价中各聚类指标权重 ,有效地将广义城市交通环境影响评价中复杂的权重确定问题分解、判断、综合 ,从而建立多级灰色聚类综合评价模型。并以南京市建成区为例进行交通环境影响综合评价 ,评价结果客观合理 ,表明基于模糊AHP法定权的城市交通环境影响多级灰色评估可以用于环境影响评价的实际工作中。     

多元回归分析法在突发性事故污染预测中的应用

运用多元回归性，通过预测模型的选择、基础数据系列化、回归模型的建立和回归效果的检验，建立了化学污染危害面积、纵深与诸条件的关系，达到了快速估算的目的，是突出性化学环境污染危害预测的一种方法。     

以运行费用函数为基础制定超标污水收费标准

根据现行的上海市和国家的超标污水征收标准的特点，提出制定新标准的５项原则。新标准的制定方案中，确定以ｙ＝ａ．ｘ＾β费用函数基础；用数理统计等方法，通过对污染排放标准，处理深度和处理费用３者关系的处理，得出二类污染物中，１级收费标准比现行２级收费标准上升３０％、２级收费采用现行标准、３级收费标准比现行标准下降２０－３０％；并提出污染物收费的计算公式，经对方案的论证和测算，说明其有效好的可行性。     

Kinetic-spectrophotometric determination of free cyanide by stopped-flow reversed flow injection analysis

A stopped-flow reversed flow injection method for the determination of free cyanide is proposed. Pyridine-barbituric acid mixture is injected in the flow system as reagent to form the colour species with cyanide. The flow is stopped when the reagent zone comes in the flow cell, where absorbance-time data are collected at 580nm wavelength. The linear range of the determination is 0.1 -10μg/ml CN-. The sampling rate is 60h-1 and the relative standard deviation is 1.6% (n=16) at 5.0 μg/ml CN-1 level. With satisfactory results, the proposed method was applied to the determination of free cyanide in wastewater without sample pretreatment.     

杭州市环境保护投资效益分析

用于环境保护的投资,是防治环境污染,保护和改善生态环境的重要条件。本文从环境保护投资比例、资金流向、治理效果、环境质量改善、环境污染损失,以及城市居民健康变化、环境舒适性和审美学等方面,对杭州市近十年环境保护投资的效益进行了分析。     

Prenatal diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase deficiency by rflp analysis of the 21-hydroxylase,complement C4, and HLA class II genes

In 19 pregnancies at risk for 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) in 18 families with at lea one affected child, prenatal diagnosis was performed by RFLP analysis using the enzymi Taq I and EcoRI and the DNA probes specific for the 21 OH genes, the closely linke complement C4 genes and the highly polymorphic HLA class II genes DRB, DQB, and DPI For fetal DNA analysis either chorionic villi or cultivated amniotic cells were used. In all 1 cases, a clear prenatal diagnosis was possible either with the 21OH probe alone or in mo cases, by combining the results of the different closely linked loci.     

Dystrophin protein and rflp analyis for fetal diagnosis and carrier confirmation of duchenne muscular dystrophy

A pregnant woman with indeterminate Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) carrier status, but with DMD diagnosed in her deceased brother (unavailable for study), presented for prenatal diagnosis, intending to continue the pregnancy only if proven unaffected with DMD with near absolute certainty. Creatine kinase (CK) assays to clarify carrier status were inconclusive. Male sex in the fetus was identified, but DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was not yet available to this centre to investigate the possible transmission of the DMD gene, and the pregnancy was terminated. Tissue histology and dystrophin protein analysis demonstrated the absence of DMD. In a situation with proven maternal carrier status, future fetal inheritance of the opposite maternal X chromosome would indicate the presence of DMD. However, maternal carrier status remained in doubt through a second pregnancy, even with RFLP studies, and was finally established when dystrophin analysis confirmed the presence of DMD in the second fetus. Histologic findings are presented, contrasting features in the two fetuses. The value of dystrophin analysis for establishing the diagnosis of fetal DMD, in this case proving maternal carrier status in a difficult situation, and for demonstrating DMD gene:RFLP haplotype relationships is illustrated.     

锅炉除尘脱硫及其废水回用系统的经济损益分析

以燃煤锅炉掺烧固硫除尘脱硫及其废水回用系统为研究对象，利用环境系统费用效益分析方法，分析了该系统的环保投入和取得的环境效益。结果表明：对燃烧高硫煤的８０ｔ／ｈ规模的锅炉房，环保费用的现值为３１２６万元，环保效益的现值为９７２９万元，费用与效益之比为１∶３１１。结果说明锅炉掺烧固硫除尘脱硫及其废水循环技术具有很好的经济效益。该分析方法和结果为燃煤锅炉除尘脱硫工艺方案的选择和系统的优化研究提供了基础。     

量纲分析对污水近区初始稀释度变化规律的探讨

在上海合流污水二期工程白龙港排放口水力模型试验基础上，根据模型实验的大量数据，采用量纲分析方法对近区初始稀释度的变化规律进行了探讨，得出了描述该区域初始稀释度变化规律的半理论半经验公式，可为实际排海工程的设计提供依据。