净水厂应对水源地突发苯胺污染处理能力研究

通过对粉末活性炭(PAC)的改性研究提高净水厂对苯胺突发污染的应急能力。以松花江水源地为实验用水,以苯胺污染为研究对象,采用PAC吸附工艺对净水厂应对苯胺突发污染的能力进行了系统研究。结果表明,由于原水中NOM存在的竞争吸附作用,当苯胺超标5倍时,需要PAC投加量130 mg/L才能使出水达标,但对出水浊度产生不利影响;经KOH改性的PAC,在不影响出水浊度的投加量为80 mg/L时就能处理超标5倍的苯胺。     

Biodegradation of pentyl amine and aniline from petrochemical wastewater

The objectives of the project were to isolate a bacterial strain capable of degrading pentyl amine and aniline and to define the optimal pentyl amine and aniline degradation conditions for this bacterial strain. The bacterial strain was isolated from activated sludge obtained from a Northeastern China treatment facility for petrochemical wastewater rich in pentyl amine and aniline. Once the strain was isolated, five triplicate (5) batch tests were used to establish the conditions for maximum pentyl amine and aniline degradation, by varying one at a time the following five factors: temperature, pH, reaction time, pollutant concentrations and aeration rate. In a final test, oil refinery sludge was inoculated with the strain and tested for the degradation of pentyl amine and aniline under optimal conditions, while observing the degradation pathway of pentyl amine and aniline. The isolated strain, PN1001, is a member of the Pseudomonas species and it was capable of degrading pentyl amine and aniline. The optimal reactor conditions for the degradation of a mixture of pentyl amine and aniline, at a concentration ranging between 150 and 200mg/L, were found to be 30 degrees C at a pH of 7.0, under a reaction time of 24h and a maximum solution dissolved oxygen level of 6 mgO(2)/L. Under such conditions, the strain PN1001 degraded 93% and 89% of the pentyl amine and aniline, respectively, aniline being more toxic and demonstrating a more complex degradation pathway. The strain PN1001 degraded more contaminants when both were present because of the pi and sigma electron cloud coordination functions of aniline and pentyl amine, respectively, presumed to reduce the toxic effect of aniline. Once inoculated with the strain, oil refinery sludge degraded 93% and 88% of the pentyl amine and aniline, compared to the strain alone which degraded 72% and 82%, likely because of the sludge's buffering effect against the toxic environment.     

Aniline degradation by electrocatalytic oxidation

The degradation of aniline solution in alkaline medium of pH 11.0 by electrocatalytic oxidation has been studied using an electrochemical reactor containing a SnO₂–Sb₂O₃–PtO anode and a Ti cathode, both of 54 cm² area. Hydroxyl radicals (HO^√) are produced at the anode, being tested with the trace catcher salicylic acid and phenol by spectrophotometery and high performance liquid chromatography. Intermediates dianiline, 4-anilino phenol and azobenzol were detected by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The existence of HO^√ produced in the aniline degradation was assayed with scavenger tertiary butanol. The results showed that electrocatalytic oxidation is an effective process for the degradation of aniline. A general reaction pathway that accounts for aniline degradation to CO₂ involving those intermediates is proposed.     

含苯胺类染料废水处理研究

染料中间体在生产过程中会产生含苯胺、氰化物等污染物的高浓度、高毒性有机废水,可生化性较差。本文设计了以萃取、吸附、氨吹脱为主的物理化学预处理方法,然后再以生化法处理的工艺流程。处理后污水可以达到国家二级排放标准。     

Effect of template in MCM-41 on the adsorption of aniline from aqueous solution

The effect of the surfactant template cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in MCM-41 on the adsorption of aniline was investigated. Various MCM-41 samples were prepared by controlling template removal using an extraction method. The samples were then used as adsorbents for the removal of aniline from aqueous solution. The results showed that the MCM-41 samples with the template partially removed (denoted as C-MCM-41) exhibited better adsorption performance than MCM-41 with the template completely removed (denoted as MCM-41). The reason for this difference may be that the C-MCM-41 samples had stronger hydrophobic properties and selectivity for aniline because of the presence of the template. The porosity and cationic sites generated by the template play an important role in the adsorption process. The optimal adsorbent with moderate template was achieved by changing the ratio of extractant; it has the potential for promising applications in the field of water pollution control.     

液-液萃取-气相色谱法同时测定水中吡啶、松节油和苯胺

研究建立了气相色谱法同时测定水中吡啶、松节油和苯胺的方法.采用二氯甲烷萃取,萃取后直接进行色谱分离分析,3种物质能够有效分离.吡啶、松节油和苯胺的水中最低检测浓度分别为0.009、0.009、0.004mg/L,样品添加平均回收率为89％～114％,平行6次精密度实验,相对标准偏差小于6.5.实验结果表明,气相色谱法简单、快速、准确,适用于水中吡啶、松节油和苯胺的测定.     

煤化工废水中硝基苯胺类污染物的HPLC测定

通过试验建立了工业废水中苯胺类污染物的液相色谱测定方法,优化了试验条件.该方法吸收值与基质质量浓度之间的线性关系非常显著,苯胺和6种硝基苯胺类成分的检出限在0.000 1～0.000 3 mg/L之间,空白加标试验的相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.8％～4.8％之间,基质加标回收率在58.6％～93.8％之间.对煤化工园排...     

顶空气相色谱法快速测定土壤中苯、苯胺和硝基苯

采用顶空气相色谱法快速测定土壤中苯、苯胺和硝基苯,优化了试验条件.方法在0 mg/L～100 mg/L范围内线性良好,苯、苯胺、硝基苯的检出限分别为0.012 mg/kg、0.22 mg/kg、0.083 mg/kg,实际土样测定的RSD≤1.4%,加标回收率为94.0%～102%.     

标准分析方法测定废水中苯胺类的不足与改进

标准分析方法测定苯胺类时,废水中某些物质在酸化条件下,要与过量的氨基磺酸铵和盐酸萘乙二胺进行显色反应,引起正干扰。正确的方法是分析水样的同时,分取与显色反应相同体积废水样,只进行加氨基磺酸铵和盐酸萘乙二胺的操作步骤,测定其吸光度。由水样的吸光度减去后者吸光度的差值来计算苯胺类浓度是科学、准确的。     

气相色谱法测定废水中苯胺类化合物

建立了气相色谱测定废水中5种苯胺类化合物的方法,优化了试验条件。方法在0mg／L-100mg／L之间线性关系良好,N,N-二甲苯胺、苯胺、对甲苯胺、间甲苯胺、邻甲苯胺的检出限分别为0．004mg／L、0．002mg／L、0．013mg／L、0．008mg／L、0．007mg／L,实际废水样品测定的RSD≤1．5％,加标回收率为93．8％～99．5％。