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11.
Mengduo Zhang Weiwei Chen Xiangjin Shen Hongmei Zhao Chengkang Gao Xuelei Zhang Wei Liu Chengjiang Yang Yang Qin Shichun Zhang Jing Fu Daniel Tong Aijun Xiu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(6):150-168
Using a bottom-up estimation method, a comprehensive, high-resolution emission inventory of gaseous and particulate atmospheric pollutants for multiple anthropogenic sectors with typical local sources has been developed for the Harbin-Changchun city agglomeration (HCA). The annual emissions for CO, NOx, SO2, NH3, VOCS, PM2.5, PM10, BC and OC during 2017 in the HCA were estimated to be 5.82 Tg, 0.70 Tg, 0.34 Tg, 0.75 Tg, 0.81Tg, 0.67 Tg, 1.59 Tg, 0.12 Tg and 0.26 Tg, respectively. For PM10 and SO2, the emissions from industry processes were the dominant contributors representing 54.7% and 49.5%, respectively, of the total emissions, while 95.3% and 44.5% of the total NH3 and NOx emissions, respectively, were from or associated with agricultural activities and transportation. Spatiotemporal distributions showed that most emissions (except NH3) occurred in November to March and were concentrated in the central cities of Changchun and Harbin and the surrounding cities. Open burning of straw made an important contribution to PM2.5 in the central regions of the northeastern plain during autumn and spring, while domestic coal combustion for heating purposes was significant with respect to SO2 and PM2.5 emissions during autumn and winter. Furthermore, based on Principal Component Analysis and Multivariable Linear Regression model, air temperature, relative humidity, electricity and energy consumption, and the urban and rural population were optimized to be representative indicators for rapidly assessing the magnitude of regional atmospheric pollutants in the HCA. Such indicators and equations were demonstrated to be useful for local atmospheric environment management. 相似文献
12.
This study deals with the emission of methane in relation to changing environmental conditions and human impact, in three
mangrove ecosystems of south India. Time-varying fluxes of methane adopting the close chamber technique were used to estimate
CH4 emission from an unpolluted site (Pichavaram mangroves) and two polluted sites viz. (1) Ennore Creek mangroves (affected
by fertilizer effluents and crude oil discharges) and (2) Adyar estuary mangroves (affected by the discharges of organic and
industrial wastes), covering monthly and seasonal variations. The results indicate annual average CH4 emissions of 7.4, 5.02 and 15.4 mg m−2 h−1 from the sediment–water interface of the Pichavaram, Ennore Creek and Adyar estuary respectively. Emission characteristics
obtained at Pichavaram mangroves represent a natural variability with changing physico-chemical factors, whereas the emission
characteristics at Ennore Creek and Adyar estuary mangroves show anthropogenic influence. Several environmental factors such
as oxygen availability, organic matter, soil physical and chemical properties, in addition to human-mediated interventions
have been identified as influencing emission rates in the mangrove ecosystems. Preliminary CH4 emission estimates for the mangrove ecosystems along the Indian sub- continent and the tropical and subtropical coastline
of the world by linear extrapolation based on surface area range from 0.05 to 0.37 and 2.8 to 19.25 Tg CH4 year−1 respectively. Our results also highlight the impact of human activities on future emission of methane from the mangrove ecosystems.
Received: 3 March 1999 / Accepted: 14 September 1999 相似文献
13.
Fernandez C Monna F Labanowski J Loubet M van Oort F 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):1083-1091
The role of land use on fate of metals in soils is poorly understood. In this work, we studied the incorporation of lead in two neighboring soils with comparable pedogenesis but under long-term different agricultural management. Distributions of anthropogenic Pb were assessed from concentrations and isotopic compositions determined on bulk horizon samples, systematical 5-10 cm increment samples, and on 24-h EDTA extracts. Minor amounts of anthropogenic lead were detected until 1-m depth under permanent grassland, linked to high earthworm activity. In arable land, exogenous Pb predominantly accumulated at depths <60 cm. Although the proximity between the two sites ensured comparable exposition regarding atmospheric Pb deposition, the isotopic compositions clearly showed the influence of an unidentified component for the cultivated soil. This work highlights the need for exhaustive information on historical human activities in such anthropized agrosystems when fate of metal pollution is considered. 相似文献
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16.
文章评述了气溶胶中多环芳烃污染源类型识别的几种方法,即:比值法、轮廓图法、特征化合物法和多元统计方法等.比值法简单可行,应用较多,但常因苯并(a)芘的不稳定性而带来误差,建议与轮廓图法、特征化合物法等配合使用,多元统计法要求样品数多,并且运算复杂,目前应用尚不多见,但其潜力很大。 相似文献
17.
Sergey Kakareka Sergey Gromov Jozef Pacyna Tamara Kukharchyk 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2004,38(40):7101-7109
As the result of our research, the specific procedures to use emission factor methodology were developed and applied for trace metal emission evaluation into the atmosphere over the territory of the former Soviet Union. The existing data on heavy metal emissions were revised as background information from official sources and expert estimations. Source categories and different initial information as well as the concept of spatial emission distribution were defined and observed. The calculated atmospheric emissions of lead, cadmium and mercury were produced among the main source categories of 12 NIS countries for 1990, 1995 and 1997, using modified emission coefficients.Total cadmium emissions into the atmosphere from determined source categories were estimated as 388.4 tonnes in 1990 for the whole domain with reduction by up to 207.0 tonnes per year for 1997. Mercury emissions were estimated as equal to 303.2 tonnes in 1990 and 159.8 tonnes in 1997. Lead emission amounted to 24903.0 tonnes in 1990, and 9652.5 tonnes in 1997.The results of the evaluation demonstrated the general trends of atmospheric heavy metal emissions with a greater decrease during the first half of the 1990s followed later by the rather stable level to be explained by recession in industrial activity and fuel consumption in NIS in that period. The significant spatial variations of atmospheric emissions over vast territories are described based on the results of their distribution according to 1×1 degree grid with remarkably higher values in the location of industrial cities. 相似文献
18.
Mariusz O. Jedrysek 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2005,3(3):100-112
Microbial oxidation of organic compounds (including methane), in freshwater sediments, may result in precipitation of carbonates,
which may become an important geochemical archive of paleoenvironmental variations. Most probably low δ13C value in calcite in eutrophic systems results from an advanced oxidation of organic compounds in turbulent or/and sulphate-rich
conditions. Likewise, high δ13C value in calcite from organic-rich sediments may evidence low redox potential of the freshwater system. Oxidation of methane
and organic matter results in significant isotope effects in sulphates dissolved in water. Therefore, to better understand
the origin of carbon isotope signal in carbonates, concentration and stable isotope measurements in dissolved sulphate (water
column), bubble methane and calcite (freshwater sediments) have been carried out in 24 lakes, 2 ponds and 4 rivers in Poland.
The highest concentration of sulphate has been detected in rivers (85.47 SO4
2− mg/l) and an artificial lake (70.30 SO4
2− mg/l) located in the extremely SO4
2−-polluted region called the “Black Triangle”. The lowest concentration of sulphate is found in dystrophic and mountain lakes
(from 0.5 SO4
2− to about 3 mg/l). The lowest δ34S(SO4
2−) and δ18O(SO4
2−) values occur in unpolluted lakes in eastern Poland (−0.94 and 1.38‰, respectively). The highest S and O isotopic ratios
are found in a polluted lake in western Poland (δ14S(SO4
2)=12.95‰) and in a dystrophic lake in eastern Poland (δ18O(SO4
2) = 16.15‰) respectively. It is proposed that δ34SO4
2− and (18O(SO4
2−) values in lakes represent a good tool to assess and quantify anthropogenic impact by acid precipitation and to monitor variations
in the trophic state and redox processes controlled by biodegradation of organic compounds in sediments and water column.
In general, increasing depth (up to 12 m) of the water column is associated with decreasing trend the δ13C(CH4) value from about –35 to about –78‰. However, δ13C value in sedimentary calcite (δ13C vary from –10 to 0.5‰) shows opposite trends as compared to the corresponding methane. This is probably due to redox processes
and distribution of heavy isotopes between methane and calcite. Likewise, turbulent water (river) show high δ13C value in methane and low δ13C value in calcite—this is probably due to an enhanced oxidation of methane producing 13C-depleted CO2. In contrast to clean lakes, it is observed that an increase of the δ13C(CH4) value occurs with increasing depth of the water column in a strongly SO4
2−-contaminated lake. This is probably due to a loss of biological buffering potential of the lake accompanied by an active
oxidation of methane precursors. 相似文献
19.
《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(3):277-289
Black carbon (BC) has importance regarding aerosol composition, radiative balance, and human exposure. This study adopted a backward-trajectory approach to quantify the origins of BC from anthropogenic emissions () and open biomass burning () transported to Xishuangbanna in 2017. Haze months, between haze and clean months, and clean months in Xishuangbanna were defined according to daily PM2.5 concentrations of >75, 35–75, and <35 µg/m3, respectively. Results showed that the transport efficiency density (TED) of BC transported to Xishuangbanna was controlled by the prevailing winds in different seasons. The yearly contributions to the effective emission intensity of and transported to Xishuangbanna were 52% and 48%, respectively. However, when haze occurred in Xishuangbanna, the average and contributions were 23% and 77%, respectively. This suggests that open biomass burning (BB) becomes the dominant source in haze months. Myanmar, India, and Laos were the dominant source regions of BC transported to Xishuangbanna during haze months, accounting for 59%, 18%, and 13% of the total, respectively. Furthermore, India was identified as the most important source regions of transported to Xishuangbanna in haze months, accounting for 14%. The two countries making the greatest contributions to transported to Xishuangbanna were Myanmar and Laos in haze months, accounting for 55% and 13%, respectively. BC emissions from Xishuangbanna had minimal effects on the results of the present study. It is suggested that open BB in Myanmar and Laos, and anthropogenic emissions in India were responsible for poor air quality in Xishuangbanna. 相似文献
20.
Elisandra Hernández Jonathan Obrist-Farner Mark Brenner William F. Kenney Jason H. Curtis Edward Duarte 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(10):117-126
Sediments in Lake Izabal, Guatemala, contain substantial lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni). The lack of historical data for heavy metal concentrations in the sediments makes it difficult to determine the sources or evaluate whether inputs of metals to the lake have changed through time. We measured the relative abundances and concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Ni by X-Ray Fluorescence core scanning and by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry in three sediment cores to explore stratigraphic distributions of metals in the lake deposits. High amounts of Pb and Zn in the core taken near the Polochic Delta suggest that galena and sphalerite mining increased Pb and Zn delivery to Lake Izabal between ~1945 and 1965 CE. An up-core Ni increase in the core taken near a different mine on the north shore of Lake Izabal suggests that recent nickel mining operations led to an increase in Ni concentrations in the local sediments, but amounts in the other cores indicate that Ni is not widely distributed throughout the lake. Sediment cores from Lake Izabal are reliable recorders of heavy metal input to the lake, and were measured to establish background metal levels, which would otherwise be unavailable. Concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Ni in older, pre-20th-century Lake Izabal sediments reflect input from natural erosion of bedrock. Our results provide previously unavailable estimates of background metal concentrations in Lake Izabal before the onset of mining. These results are necessary for future monitoring related to mining contamination of the lake ecosystem. 相似文献